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91 <H2>Clonezilla-SysRescCD</H2>
92 <H3>Documentation: Boot parameters</H3>
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94 <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px;"><H4>30/09/2010 - v 3.2.0</H4></div>
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121 <H2 style="margin-top: 0;"><a name="boot-intro"></a>Intro <span class="hideprint">[<a href="#boot-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</span></H2>
122 <p>Booting a linux system means loading a kernel, which is actually the operating system. Well, this is not exactly true, and it is not the only thing that happens during boot up phase, but it is not my intension to explain it here.
123 <br><br>
124 The kernel is loaded by Isolinux (the CD boot manager), which is able to pass a number of parameters to it, through its configuration file <b>isolinux.cfg</b>.
125 <br><br>
126 These parameters, called boot parameters, are documented by the kernel itself, and can differentiate its behavior dramatically. In our case, each CD (SystemRescueCD and Clonezilla Live) accept a different set of parameters, because they are based on <a href="http://www.gentoo.org/" target="_blank">gentoo</a> and <a href="http://www.debian.org/" target="_blank">debian</a>, respectively.
127 <br><br>
128 While in the splash screen of <b>Clonezilla-SysRescCD</b>, you can edit the boot parameters by pressing TAB. They will be presented to you, and you can add or remove what you want. You must be careful not to change or remove the parameters that are dedicated to the CD itself, as altering them will certainty make it unbootable. When you are done, just press ENTER to boot.
129 </p>
130
131
132 <!-- sysresccd -->
133 <H2><a name="sysresccd"></a>SystemRescueCD boot parameters <span class="hideprint">[<a href="#boot-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</span></H2>
134 <!-- note -->
135 <div align="center"><table class="note" border="0" cellpadding="20"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="images/info.png"></td><td>
136 The following info applies to <b>SystemRescueCD v. 1.5.5</b>. In case<br>
137 you need to get info for a more recent version of <b>SystemRescueCD</b><br>
138 please see the page "<a href="http://www.sysresccd.org/Sysresccd-manual-en_Booting_the_CD-ROM" target="_blank">Sysresccd-manual-en Booting the CD-ROM</a>"
139 </td></tr></table></div>
140 <p>A typical sysresccd isolinux entry is:</p>
141
142 <p class="newcode">kernel rescuecd<br>
143 append initrd=initram.igz video=ofonly</p>
144 <!--empty-line-->
145 <p>The kernel used is <b>rescuecd</b>, and anything after the word <b>append</b> is a boot parameter.<br><br>
146 <!--empty-line-->
147 Available kernels (boot images):</p>
148
149 <ul class="otherpage" style="padding: 0px 10px 20px 40px">
150 <!-- Please do not delete these comented lines-->
151 <!-- SysRescCD documentation section. Please use "update-boot-params" script to update -->
152 <!--kernels-Documentation-->
153 <li><b>rescuecd</b> Default for 32bit systems, with Framebuffer disabled, best choice.
154 </li><li><b>rescue64</b> Default 64 bit kernel. Use it if you want to chroot to a 64bit linux system installed on your hard disk, or if you have to run 64 bit programs. This kernel is able to boot with 32bit programs, and it requires a processor with 64bit instructions (amd64 / em64t).
155 </li><li><b>altker32</b> an alternative kernel for 32bit systems. Boot with this kernel if you have problems with <b>rescuecd</b>
156 </li><li><b>altker64</b> an alternative kernel for 64bit systems. Boot with this kernel in case you have problems with <b>rescue64</b>.
157 </li>
158 </ul>
159
160 <p><br>The boot parameters you can use are:</p>
161 <div class="otherpage">
162 <!-- Please do not delete these comented lines-->
163 <!-- SysRescCD documentation section. Please use "update-boot-params" script to update -->
164 <!--SysRescCD-Documentation-->
165 <a name="General_boot_options" id="General_boot_options"></a><p><b> General boot options</b></p>
166 <p>Press &lt;TAB&gt; to add additional options (in SystemRescueCd-1.5 and more recent)
167 </p>
168 <ul><li><b>docache</b>: causes the CD-ROM to be fully loaded into memory. A slower start but once complete, programs start faster and the CD drive will be released allowing normal access to other CDs. This requires 400MB of memory to cache everything (including the <code>bootdisks</code> and <code>isolinux</code> directories). Add <code>lowmem</code> if you have less that 400MB of memory of to prevent these directories from being copied.
169 </li><li><b>setkmap=kk</b>: which defines the keymap to load where <code>kk</code> (example: <code>setkmap=de</code> for German keyboards). This way you won't be prompted for the keyboard configuration during the boot.
170 </li><li><b>root=/dev/xdnp</b>: the <a target="_blank" href="http://www.sysresccd.org/news/2008/06/05/use-systemrescuecd-to-boot-a-linux-os-from-the-hard-disk/" class="external text" title="http://www.sysresccd.org/news/2008/06/05/use-systemrescuecd-to-boot-a-linux-os-from-the-hard-disk/" rel="nofollow">root=&lt;device&gt; option</a> boots an existing linux system. For example, if you have linux Gentoo installed on <code>/dev/sda6</code>, use <code>rescuecd root=/dev/sda6</code> to start it. Keep in mind that you must use a 64bit kernel if your system is made of 64bit programs. This option works with LVM volumes. Use <code>rescuecd root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00</code>. Support is also provided for <code>root=auto</code>, which scans all the block devices for a linux system. The first linux system found will be started. So <code>root=auto</code> lets you start the system installed from the CD-ROM in case you have problem with your boot loader or kernel. It's also possible to specify a partition using its <code>filesystem label</code> or <code>filesystem uuid</code>. If the label of the partition where linux is installed is <code>mylinux</code>, then boot it using <code>rescuecd root=LABEL=mylinux</code>. Similarly <code>root=UUID=b3d3bec5-997a-413e-8449-0d0ec41ccba7</code>. See <a target="_blank" href="http://www.sysresccd.org/news/2008/06/05/use-systemrescuecd-to-boot-a-linux-os-from-the-hard-disk/" class="external text" title="http://www.sysresccd.org/news/2008/06/05/use-systemrescuecd-to-boot-a-linux-os-from-the-hard-disk/" rel="nofollow">more details</a>.
171 </li><li><b>initscript=service:action</b>: This option allows one to start/stop a service at boot time. For instance if you need the samba service to be started, you can boot with: <code>initscript=samba:start</code>. This does the same thing as <code>/etc/init.d/samba start</code>. Use this option a multiple of times for different services. All the actions that are supported by an initscript can be used.
172 </li><li><b>backstore=xxx</b>: SystemRescueCd comes with support for the <a target="_blank" href="http://www.sysresccd.org/news/2008/06/29/creating-a-backing-store-to-keep-your-modifications-in-sysresccd/" class="external text" title="http://www.sysresccd.org/news/2008/06/29/creating-a-backing-store-to-keep-your-modifications-in-sysresccd/" rel="nofollow">backing-stores</a>. A backing-store saves all the changes you can make. so that you keep these changes the next time you boot. By default, sysresccd automatically scan removable devices (eg: USB sticks) at boot time and uses the first backing-store it finds. A backing-store is not mandatory and if the scan fails, it will store the files which have changed in memory. To disable the disks scan at boot time specify <code>backstore=off</code> on the boot command line. If you want to save your backing-store file on a harddisk, boot with <code>backstore=alldev</code> to scan all devices (not just removable devices). The default location for a backing-stores file is any file named <code>sysrcd.bs</code> located at the root of a disk which is often a USB stick. Change the path by using <code>backstore=/sysrcd/mybackstore.bs</code>. See <a target="_blank" href="http://www.sysresccd.org/news/2008/06/29/creating-a-backing-store-to-keep-your-modifications-in-sysresccd/" class="external text" title="http://www.sysresccd.org/news/2008/06/29/creating-a-backing-store-to-keep-your-modifications-in-sysresccd/" rel="nofollow">backing-stores</a>.
173 </li><li><b>isoloop=xxx</b>: Grub2 (currently in development: grub-1.98) provides a new feature to boot from an ISO image which is stored on the hard disk. If you put a copy of <code>systemrescuecd-x86-x.y.z.iso</code> on a partition that Grub2 can read then you can boot SystemRescueCd directly from the ISO image stored on your hard drive. This is very convenient if you frequently update SystemRescueCd and you want to boot it directly from Grub2. Grub2 knows what an ISO image is and it will load the kernel image (rescuecd/rescue64) and the initramfs (initram.igz) from the ISO into memory. It will then do its normal job and execute the kernel. The SystemRescueCd init script must then be aware that its <code>sysrcd.dat</code> file is in an ISO and not directly on the partition. For that reason, this <code>isoloop=xxx</code> boot option is required so you must use it in your <code>grub.cfg</code>. This option is only supported in SystemRescueCd-1.4.0 and more recent. This option specifies the path of the ISO image in the partition that grub considers as its root partition. It's important to understand that the path of the ISO image may be different from the path on your linux system. If you have a separate boot partition mounted on <code>/boot</code> and if you copy this ISO image to <code>/boot/sysrcd/systemrescuecd-x86-x.y.z.iso</code> then the option has to be <code>isoloop=/sysrcd/systemrescuecd-x86-x.y.z.iso</code>. This is because the boot partition is what Grub2 will consider as its root partition during the boot process. Please read <a target="_blank" href="http://www.sysresccd.org/Sysresccd-manual-en_Easy_install_SystemRescueCd_on_harddisk#Boot_the_ISO_image_from_the_disk_using_Grub2" title="Sysresccd-manual-en Easy install SystemRescueCd on harddisk">the section about isoloop</a> for more details.
174 </li></ul>
175 <a name="Hardware.2C_drivers_and_troubleshooting_options" id="Hardware.2C_drivers_and_troubleshooting_options"></a><p><b><br> Hardware, drivers and troubleshooting options</b></p>
176 <ul><li><b>dodebug</b>: Enables verbose messages in linuxrc
177 </li></ul>
178 <ul><li><b>doload=xxx</b>: loads needed kernel modules, multiple comma separated occurrences are permitted (example: <code>doload=3c59x,e1000</code>)
179 </li><li><b>noload=xxx</b>: prevents loading kernel modules, multiple comma separated occurrences are permitted (example: <code>noload=3c59x,e1000</code>). Use this option if you have a problem when the system loads a particular module.
180 </li><li><b>nonet</b>: this will disable the network auto detection at startup
181 </li></ul>
182 <ul><li><b>scandelay=x</b>: pauses x seconds during the startup to allow slow devices to initialize. This is required when you boot a USB device. A delay of only few seconds should be enough.
183 </li></ul>
184 <ul><li><b>doxdetect</b>: Since version 0.3.5 the auto-configuration is done in X.Org itself, mkxf86config is disabled by default. This option forces the system to run the mkxf86config startup script and to run the hardware auto-detection from this script. Use this option if you have problems with the graphical environment configuration. This option replaces the option <code>noxdetect</code> that was useful in previous versions.
185 </li><li><b>nodetect</b>: prevents generic hardware auto-detection. Use this option if you have problems with the hardware auto-detection.
186 </li></ul>
187 <ul><li><b>dostartx</b>: load the X.Org graphical environment.
188 </li><li><b>forcevesa</b>: Forces X.Org to use the safe VESA driver instead of the best video driver detected for your video card. Use this option if you cannot get the graphical environment working with the default options.
189 </li><li><b>forcevesa=xxx</b>: The <code>startx</code> command will load the <code>Xvesa</code> server instead of <code>Xorg</code>, and use the screen resolution given as parameter (eg: <code>1024x768</code>, <code>1280x1024x32</code>).
190 </li></ul>
191 <ul><li><b>all-generic-ide</b>: In case of problems related to your hard disk, try to enable this option (eg <code>rescuecd all-generic-ide</code>)
192 </li><li><b>nodmraid</b>: Disable dmraid, for some motherboards with built-in RAID controller.
193 </li><li><b>nomdadm</b>: Disable mdadm, for software RAID.
194 </li></ul>
195 <ul><li><b>acpi-off</b> / <b>noapic</b> / <b>irqpool</b>: use these options if you have problem when the kernel boots: if it hangs on a driver or if it crashes, ...
196 </li></ul>
197 <ul><li><b>lowmem</b>: For systems with smaller memory, some daemons are not started including sshd and nfsd.
198 </li></ul>
199 <ul><li><b>skipmount=/dev/xxx</b>: The system mounts all the storage devices at boot time to find the sysrcd.dat file. If your hard disk is broken it should not be mounted. Boot with <code>skipmount=/dev/sda1 skipmount=/dev/sda2</code> to ignore these two partitions.
200 </li></ul>
201 <a name="Network_configuration_and_remote_access" id="Network_configuration_and_remote_access"></a><p><b><br> Network configuration and remote access</b></p>
202 <ul><li><b>nonm</b>: to disable the Network-Manager service that conflicts with the standard network command line tools such as <code>ifconfig</code> and <code>ip</code>. You can use this option if you want to configure the network using these commands. This option is not necessary when SystemRescueCd is booting from the network since the service is automatically stopped in that case. This option requires SystemRescueCd-1.5.5 or more recent.
203 </li><li><b>dodhcp</b>: to request a DHCP server provide network attributes including an IP address, gateway...
204 </li><li><b>nodhcp</b>: never run the dhcp client in the initramfs boot script. May be useful if you use PXE boot on a computer with several ethernet interfaces. Support for this option is available in SystemRescueCd-1.5.5 and more recent
205 </li><li><b>ethx=ipaddr/cidr</b>: Sets the static IP address of all the ethernet interfaces on the system. The <code>/cidr</code> extension is optional. For instance, if you use option <code>ethx=192.168.0.1</code> on a machine with two ethernet adapters, both <code>eth0</code> and <code>eth1</code> will be configured with <code>192.168.0.1</code>. You can use the format <code>ethx=10.0.0.1/24</code> (using the cidr notation) if you don't use the default netmask.
206 </li><li><b>eth0=ipaddr/cidr</b>: This option is similar to <code>ethx=ipaddr/cidr</code> but it configures only one interface at a time. To configure the network on a server that has two interfaces, use, for example: <code>eth0=192.168.10.1/24 eth1=192.168.20.1</code>.
207 </li><li><b>dns=ipaddr</b>: Sets the static IP address of the DNS nameserver you want to use to resolve the names. For instance <code>dns=192.168.0.254</code> means that you want to use <code>192.168.0.254</code> as the DNS server.
208 </li><li><b>gateway=ipaddr</b>: Sets the static IP address of the default route on your network. For instance <code>gateway=192.168.0.254</code> means that the computer can connect to a computer outside of the local network via <code>192.168.0.254</code>.
209 </li><li><b>dhcphostname=myhost</b>: Sets the hostname that the DHCP client will send to the DHCP server. This may be required if the default hostname cannot be used with your DHCP configuration. This option has been introduced in SystemRescueCd-1.3.5.
210 </li><li><b>rootpass=123456</b>: Sets the root password of the system running on the livecd to <code>123456</code>. That way you can connect from the network and ssh on the livecd and give <code>123456</code> password as the root password.
211 </li><li><b>vncserver=x:123456</b>: The <a target="_blank" href="http://www.sysresccd.org/news/2008/04/12/use-systemrescuecd-remotely-with-vnc-server/" class="external text" title="http://www.sysresccd.org/news/2008/04/12/use-systemrescuecd-remotely-with-vnc-server/" rel="nofollow">vncserver boot option</a> has been introduced in SystemRescueCd-1.0.2. This options forces the system to configure the VNC-server and to start it automatically at boot time. You have to replace <code>x</code> with the number of displays you want, and <code>123456</code> with your password. The password must be between 6 and 8 characters, else the boot option will be ignored. In other words the <code>vncserver=2:MyPaSsWd</code> option will give you access to two displays (display=1 on tcp/5901 and display=2 on tcp/5902). Display 0 is reserved for X.Org since SystemRescueCd-1.1.0. SystemRescueCd-1.5.7 and more recent accept a password longer than 8 chars (between 5 and 12 chars)
212 </li><li><b>nameif=xxx</b>: You can <a target="_blank" href="http://www.sysresccd.org/news/2008/06/28/option-to-define-the-name-of-a-network-interface-using-the-mac-address/" class="external text" title="http://www.sysresccd.org/news/2008/06/28/option-to-define-the-name-of-a-network-interface-using-the-mac-address/" rel="nofollow">specify what interface name to give</a> to a particular interface using the mac address. You need SystemRescueCd-1.1.0 or newer to do that. Here is how you can specify which interface is using which mac address on a machine with two network interfaces: <code>nameif=eth0!00:0C:29:57:D0:6E,eth1!00:0C:29:57:D0:64</code>. Be careful, you have to respect the separator (comma between the interfaces and exclamation marks between the name and the mac address). You can also use the magic keyword <a target="_blank" href="http://www.sysresccd.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=7&amp;t=2538&amp;start=0" class="external text" title="http://www.sysresccd.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=7&amp;t=2538&amp;start=0" rel="nofollow">BOOTIF</a> with SystemRescueCd-1.5.4 and more recent when you boot from pxelinux. The pxeboot loader will set BOOTIF to the name of the interface used to boot. You can then use something like <code>nameif=eth0!BOOTIF</code> if you want the boot interface to be called <code>eth0</code> on a computer with several Ethernet interfaces.
213 </li></ul>
214 <a name="Network_boot_using_PXE" id="Network_boot_using_PXE"></a><p><b><br> Network boot using PXE</b></p>
215 <p>SystemRescueCd provides several options for booting from the network using PXE.
216 These options can be combined with other network boot options such as <code>ethx</code> (cf previous section). See <a target="_blank" href="http://www.sysresccd.org/Sysresccd-manual-en_PXE_network_booting" class="external text" title="http://www.sysresccd.org/Sysresccd-manual-en_PXE_network_booting" rel="nofollow">PXE network booting</a> to get a global overview of SystemRescueCd and PXE and <a target="_blank" href="http://www.sysresccd.org/Sysresccd-manual-en_Manage_remote_windows_linux_servers_using_SystemRescueCd" class="external text" title="http://www.sysresccd.org/Sysresccd-manual-en_Manage_remote_windows_linux_servers_using_SystemRescueCd" rel="nofollow">Manage remote servers using PXE</a>.
217 </p><p>The second stage downloads the kernel + initramfs using DHCP/TFTP.
218 </p><p>The third stage of the PXE boot process acquires the root files system.
219 </p><p>Several protocols are available.
220 </p>
221 <ul><li><b>netboot=</b>tftp<b>://ip/path/sysrcd.dat</b>: from a TFTP server. The filesystem is loaded into memory. As a consequence computers with less than 400MB of memory won't be able to boot this way. The system will continue to work if the network is disconnected after the boot process.
222 </li><li><b>netboot=</b>http<b>://ip:port/path/sysrcd.dat</b>: from a Web server. The file system is loaded into memory. Computers with smaller memory won't be able to boot this way. The the system continues to work if the network is disconnected after the boot process.
223 </li><li><b>netboot=</b>nfs<b>://ip:/path</b>: mount an NFSv3 directory. The NFS url must be the path of the directory that contains <code>sysrcd.dat</code>. Only NFSv3 can be used, NFSv4 is not supported. NFS allows computers with smaller memory to boot SystemRescueCd from the network. After the boot process, continued network connection is required or you will loose access to the root file system.
224 </li><li><b>netboot=</b>nbd<b>://ip:port</b>: connect to an NBD server configured with <code>sysrcd.dat</code> on ip:port. NBD is easier to configure than NFS (only one TCP port involved) and it allows computers with smaller memory to boot SystemRescueCd from the network. After the boot process, the network connection continues to be required to access the root file system.
225 </li></ul>
226 <p>For information on activating <b>speakup</b>, see the <a target="_blank" href="http://www.sysresccd.org/Speakup-info" title="Speakup-info">speakup info page</a>.
227 </p>
228 <a name="Options_provided_for_autorun" id="Options_provided_for_autorun"></a><p><b><br> Options provided for autorun</b></p>
229 <ul><li><b>ar_source=xxx</b>: place where the autorun are stored. It may be the root directory of a partition (<code>/dev/sda1</code>), an nfs share (<code>nfs://192.168.1.1:/path/to/scripts</code>), a samba share (<code>smb://192.168.1.1/path/to/scripts</code>), or an http directory (<code><a target="_blank" href="http://192.168.1.1/path/to/scripts" class="external free" title="http://192.168.1.1/path/to/scripts" rel="nofollow">http://192.168.1.1/path/to/scripts</a></code>).
230 </li><li><b>autoruns=[0-9]</b>: comma separated list of the autorun scrip to be run. For example <code>autoruns=0,2,7</code> the autorun sc <code>autorun0</code>, <code>autorun2</code>, <code>autorun7</code> are run. Use <code>autoruns=no</code> to disable all the autorun scripts with a number.
231 </li><li><b>ar_ignorefail</b>: continue to execute the scripts chain even if a script failed (returned a non-zero status)
232 </li><li><b>ar_nodel</b>: do not delete the temporary copy of the autorun scripts located in <code>/var/autorun/tmp</code> after execution
233 </li><li><b>ar_disable</b>: completely disable autorun, the simple <code>autorun</code> script will not be executed
234 </li><li><b>ar_nowait</b>: do not wait for a keypress after the autorun script have been executed.
235 </li></ul>
236 </p>
237 </div>
238
239
240 <!-- Clonezilla -->
241 <H2><a name="clonezilla"></a>Clonezilla Live boot parameters <span class="hideprint">[<a href="#boot-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</span></H2>
242 <!-- note -->
243 <div align="center"><table class="note" border="0" cellpadding="20"><tr valign="top"><td><img src="images/info.png"></td><td>
244 The following info applies to <b>Clonezilla Live v. 1.2.5-17</b><br>
245 In case you need to get info for a more recent version of <b>Clonezilla Live</b><br>
246 please see the page "<a href="http://www.clonezilla.org/clonezilla-live/doc/fine-print.php?path=./99_Misc/00_live-initramfs-manual.doc#00_live-initramfs-manual.doc" target="_blank">The boot parameters for Clonezilla live</a>"
247 </td></tr></table></div>
248
249 <p>A typical Clonezilla Live isolinux entry is:</p>
250
251 <p class="newcode"> kernel /live/vmlinuz1<br>
252 append initrd=/live/initrd1.img boot=live union=aufs ocs_live_run="ocs-live-general"<br>
253 ocs_live_extra_param="" ocs_live_keymap="" ocs_live_batch="no" ocs_lang="" vga=791 nolocales</p>
254 <!--empty-line-->
255 <p>The kernel used is <b>vmlinuz</b>, and anything after the word <b>append</b> is a boot parameter.</p>
256 <!--empty-line-->
257
258
259 <p>The following info comes from the page titled <a href="http://www.clonezilla.org/clonezilla-live/doc/fine-print.php?path=./99_Misc/00_live-initramfs-manual.doc#00_live-initramfs-manual.doc" target="_blank">The boot parameters for Clonezilla live</a>.</p>
260
261 <!-- Please do not delete these comented lines-->
262 <!-- Clonezilla documentation section. Please use "update-boot-params" script to update -->
263 <!--Clonezilla-Documentation-->
264 <div class="otherpage">Clonezilla live is based on <a target="_blank" href="http://wiki.debian.org/DebianLive/" >Debian live</a> with clonezilla installed. Therefore there are 2 kinds of boot parameters:
265 <ol>
266 <li>Boot parameters from live-initramfs. You can refer to this <a href="#live-initramfs">manual of live-initramfs</a>.
267 <li>Boot parameters specially for Clonezilla. All of them are named as "ocs_*", e.g. ocs_live_run, ocs_live_extra_param, ocs_live_batch, ocs_lang.
268 <ul>
269 <li>ocs_live_run is the main program to run in Clonezilla live to save or restore. or other command. Available program: ocs-live-general, ocs-live-restore or any command you write. Use the Absolute path in Clonezilla live.<br>
270 e.g. ocs_live_run="ocs-live-general"<br>
271 <font color="red">//NOTE// You might have to use "sudo" command inside your own script, or you can assign it like: ocs_live_run="sudo bash /my-clonezilla"</font><br>
272 <li>ocs_live_extra_param will be used only when ocs_live_run=ocs-live-restore (not for ocs-live-general or any other), then it will be passed to ocs-sr. Therefore these parameters are actually those of ocs-sr.<br>
273 e.g. ocs_live_extra_param="--batch -c restoredisk sarge-r5 hda"
274 <li>ocs_live_keymap is for keymap used in Clonezilla live. Man install-keymap for more details.<br>
275 e.g. ocs_live_keymap="NONE" (won't change the default layout)<br>
276 ocs_live_keymap="/usr/share/keymaps/i386/azerty/fr-latin9.kmap.gz" (French keyboard)
277 <li>batch mode or not (yes/no), if no, will run interactively.<br>
278 e.g. ocs_live_batch="no"
279 <li>ocs_lang is the language used in Clonezilla live. Available value: en_US.UTF-8, zh_TW.UTF-8... (see $DRBL_SCRIPT_PATH/lang/bash/)
280 e.g. ocs_lang="en_US.UTF-8"
281 <li>ocs_debug (or ocs-debug) is for you to enter command line prompt before any clonezilla-related action is run. This is easier for you to debug.
282 <li>ocs_daemonon, ocs_daemonoff, ocs_numlk, ocs_capslk.<br>
283 Ex. for the first 2 parameters, ocs_daemonon="ssh", then ssh service will be turned on when booting. For the last 2 parameters, use "on" or "off", e.g. ocs_numlk=on to turn on numberlock when booting.
284 <li>ocs_prerun, ocs_prerun1, ocs_prerun2... is for you to run a shell script before Clonezilla is started. E.g. ocs_prerun="/live/image/myscript.sh". If you have more commands to run, you can assign them in the order: ocs_prerun=..., ocs_prerun1=..., ocs_prerun2=.... If more than 10 parameters, remember to use ocs_prerun01, ocs_prerun02..., ocs_prerun11 to make it in order.
285 <li>ocs_live_run_tty. This option allows you to specify the tty where $ocs_live_run is run. By default $ocs_live_run is run on /dev/tty1 only. (It was also on /dev/ttyS0 before, but since Clonezilla live >= 1.2.3-22 no more this due to a problem). If you want to use ttyS0, for example, add live-getty and console=ttyS0,38400n81 in the boot parameter.<br>
286 <font color=red>//NOTE//</font><br>
287 <ul>
288 <li>This parameter was added in Clonezilla live 1.2.3-22 or later.
289 <li>If "live-getty console=ttyS0,38400n81" are assigned in the boot parameters, ocs_live_run_tty will honor ttyS0, even other value is assigned to ocs_live_run_tty in boot parameter.
290 <li>It's recommended to assign ocs_lang and ocs_live_keymap in the boot parameters too.
291 </ul>
292 <li>ip, this option allows you to specify the network parameters for network card. In Clonezilla live a patched live-initramfs is used, which is different from the original live-initramfs so that you can assign DNS server, too. Its format is: ip=ethernet port,IP address, netmask, gateway, DNS. E.g. If you want to assing eth0 with IP address 10.0.100.1, netmask 255.255.255.0, gateway 10.0.100.254, DNS server 8.8.8.8, you can assign the following in the boot parameter:<br>
293 ip=eth0,10.0.100.1,255.255.255.0,10.0.100.254,8.8.8.8<br>
294 If more than one network card, you can use ":" to separate them, e.g.:<br>
295 ip=eth0,10.0.100.1,255.255.255.0,10.0.100.254,8.8.8.8:eth1,192.168.120.1,255.255.255.0,192.168.120.254,,<br>
296 <li>Besides, "live-netdev" (yes, not ocs_live_netdev) can be used when using PXE booting, you can force to assign the network device to get filesystem.squashfs. This is useful when there are two or more NICs are linked. E.g. live-netdev="eth1" allows you to force the live-initramfs to use eth1 to fetch the root file system filesystem.squashfs.
297 </ul>
298 </ol>
299 <hr>
300
301 With the above options, we have the following examples:
302 <ol>
303 <li>A PXE config example for you to boot Clonezilla live via PXE, and ssh service is on, the password of account "user" is assigned:<br>
304 ----------------------------------------<br>
305 label Clonezilla Live<br>
306 MENU LABEL Clonezilla Live<br>
307 MENU DEFAULT<br>
308 kernel vmlinuz1<br>
309 append initrd=initrd1.img boot=live union=aufs noswap noprompt vga=788 fetch=tftp://192.168.120.254/filesystem.squashfs usercrypted=bkuQxLqLRuDW6 ocs_numlk="on" ocs_daemonon="ssh"<br>
310 ----------------------------------------<br>
311
312 The usercrypted password is created by:<br>
313 echo YOUR_PASSWORD | mkpasswd -s<br>
314 ("mkpasswd" is from package "whois" in Debian or Ubuntu. Check your GNU/Linux to see which package provides this command if you are not using Debian or Ubuntu. Replace YOUR_PASSWORD with your plain text password, and remember do not put any " in the boot parameters of live-initramfs (while it's ok for those ocs_* boot parameters), i.e. do NOT use something like usercrypted="bkuQxLqLRuDW6").<br>
315 //NOTE// If you do not assign salt to mkpasswd, the encrypted password will not be the same every time you create it.<br>
316 For more about usercrypted discussion, please check the <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-live/2008/10/msg00020.html" target=_blank>here</a>.
317 <br><br>
318 <li>How to put your own binary driver in Clonezilla live without modifying /live/filesystem.squashfs:
319 <ul>
320 <li>Boot clonezilla live
321 <li>Become root by running "sudo su -"
322 <li>Copy the dir lsi, which contains a precompiled kernel module matching the running kernel in Clonezilla live and a script to run it, to a working dir, e.g.: <br>
323 cp -r /live/image/lsi /home/partimag
324 <li>cd /home/partimag
325 <li>/opt/drbl/sbin/ocs-live-dev -c -s -i lsi -u lsi -x "ocs_prerun=/live/image/lsi/prep-lsi.sh"
326 <li>/opt/drbl/sbin/ocs-iso -s -i lsi -u lsi -x "ocs_prerun=/live/image/lsi/prep-lsi.sh"
327 <li>///NOTE/// In this example, the 2 files in dir lsi are: megasr.ko (the binary driver) and prep-lsi.sh. The contents of prep-lsi.sh:
328 <pre>
329 ------------------------
330 #!/bin/bash
331 cp -f /live/image/lsi/megasr.ko /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/block/
332 chown root.root /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/block/megasr.ko
333 depmod -a modprobe megasr
334 sleep 1
335 ------------------------
336 </pre>
337 </ul>
338
339 <li>To put your customized script with a PXE version of Clonezilla live (You have to use Clonezilla live version 1.2.2-2 or later):<br>
340 In this example, we assume (1) The IP address of your PXE server is 192.168.120.254, (2) the customized script (custom-ocs-2) is put on your PXE server's tftpd root dir (E.g. On DRBL server, the path is /tftpboot/nbi_img/. It might be different in your case if you are not use DRBL server as a PXE server).<br>
341 Therefor your pxelinux.cfg/default file is like:
342 <p>------------------------<br>
343 label Clonezilla Live<br>
344 MENU DEFAULT<br>
345 # MENU HIDE<br>
346 MENU LABEL Clonezilla Live<br>
347 # MENU PASSWD<br>
348 kernel vmlinuz1<br>
349 append initrd=initrd1.img boot=live union=aufs noswap noprompt vga=788 ip=frommedia fetch=tftp://192.168.120.254/filesystem.squashfs ocs_prerun="busybox tftp -g -b 10240 -r custom-ocs-2 -l /tmp/custom-ocs-2 192.168.120.254" ocs_live_run="bash /tmp/custom-ocs-2" ocs_live_keymap="NONE" ocs_live_batch="no" ocs_lang="en_US.UTF-8" nolocales<br>
350 TEXT HELP<br>
351 Boot Clonezilla live via network<br>
352 ENDTEXT<br>
353 <p>------------------------<br>
354 The content of custom-ocs-2 can be like:
355 <pre>
356 ------------------------
357 #!/bin/bash
358 . /opt/drbl/sbin/drbl-conf-functions
359 . /opt/drbl/sbin/ocs-functions
360 . /etc/ocs/ocs-live.conf
361
362 # Load language file
363 ask_and_load_lang_set en_US.UTF-8
364
365 # 1. Mount the clonezilla image home.
366 # Types: local_dev, ssh_server, samba_server, nfs_server
367 prep-ocsroot -t nfs_server
368
369 # 2. Restore the image
370 if mountpoint /home/partimag/ &>/dev/null; then
371 ocs-sr -l en_US.UTF-8 -c -p choose restoredisk ask_user ask_user
372 else
373 [ "$BOOTUP" = "color" ] && $SETCOLOR_FAILURE
374 echo "Fail to find the Clonezilla image home /home/partimag!"
375 echo "Program terminated!"
376 [ "$BOOTUP" = "color" ] && $SETCOLOR_NORMAL
377 fi
378 ------------------------
379 </pre>
380 </li>
381 </ol>
382 </div>
383 <!-- End of copy/paste 3 -->
384
385 <H3><a name="live-initramfs"></a>live-initramfs manual <span class="hideprint">[<a href="#boot-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</span></H3>
386
387 <p>This is the manual of <a href="http://www.clonezilla.org/clonezilla-live/live-initramfs-param.php" target=_blank>live-initramfs</a>
388 <BR>
389 </p>
390
391 <!-- Please do not delete these comented lines-->
392 <!-- SysRescCD documentation section. Please use "update-boot-params" script to update -->
393 <!--initramfs-Documentation-->
394 <a name="live-initramfs"></a><div class="otherpage" style="overflow: auto;"><pre>
395 live-initramfs(7)
396 =================
397 :man source: 1.157.3
398 :man manual: Debian Live
399
400 Name
401 ----
402 live-initramfs - Debian Live initramfs hook
403
404 Synopsis
405 --------
406 BOOT=live
407
408 as kernel parameter at boot prompt.
409
410 Description
411 -----------
412
413 live-initramfs is a hook for the initramfs-tools, used to generate a initramfs
414 capable to boot live systems, such as those created by *live-helper*(7).
415 This includes the Debian Live isos, netboot tarballs, and usb stick images.
416
417 At boot time it will look for a (read-only) media containing a "/live"
418 directory where a root filesystems (often a compressed filesystem image like
419 squashfs) is stored. If found, it will create a writable environment, using
420 aufs, for Debian like systems to boot from.
421
422 You probably do not want to install this package onto a non-live system,
423 although it will do no harm.
424
425 live-initramfs is a fork of <a href="http://packages.ubuntu.com/casper/" target="_blank">casper</a>.
426 casper was originally written by Tollef Fog Heen &amp;lt;tfheen@canonical.com&amp;gt;
427 and Matt Zimmerman &amp;lt;mdz@canonical.com&amp;gt;.
428
429 Boot options
430 ------------
431
432 Here is the complete list of recognized boot parameters by live-initramfs.
433
434 access=*ACCESS*::
435
436 Set the accessibility level for physically or visually impared users. ACCESS
437 must be one of v1, v2, v3, m1, or m2. v1=lesser visual impairment, v2=moderate
438 visual impairment, v3=blindness, m1=minor motor difficulties, m2=moderate motor
439 difficulties.
440
441 console=*TTY,SPEED*::
442
443 Set the default console to be used with the "live-getty" option. Example:
444 "console=ttyS0,115200"
445
446 debug::
447
448 Makes initramfs boot process more verbose.
449
450 fetch=*URL*::
451
452 Another form of netboot by downloading a squashfs image from a given url,
453 copying to ram and booting it. Due to current limitations in busyboxs wget
454 and DNS resolution, an URL can not contain a hostname but an IP only.
455
456 Not working: http://example.com/path/to/your_filesystem.squashfs
457 Working: http://1.2.3.4/path/to/your_filesystem.squashfs
458
459 Also note that therefore it's currently not possible to fetch an image from a
460 namebased virtualhost of an httpd if it is sharing the ip with the main httpd
461 instance.
462
463 hostname=*HOSTNAME*, username=*USER*, userfullname=*USERFULLNAME*::
464
465 Those parameters lets you override values read from the config file.
466
467 ignore_uuid
468
469 Do not check that any UUID embedded in the initramfs matches the discovered
470 medium. live-initramfs may be told to generate a UUID by setting
471 LIVE_GENERATE_UUID=1 when building the initramfs.
472
473 integrity-check::
474
475 If specified, an MD5 sum is calculated on the live media during boot and
476 compared to the value found in md5sum.txt found in the root directory of the
477 live media.
478
479 ip=**[CLIENT_IP]:[SERVER_IP]:[GATEWAY_IP]:[NETMASK]:[HOSTNAME]:
480 [DEVICE]:[AUTOCONF] [,[CLIENT_IP]:[SERVER_IP]:[GATEWAY_IP]:[NETMASK]:[HOSTNAME]:
481 [DEVICE]:[AUTOCONF]]***::
482
483 Let you specify the name(s) and the options of the interface(s) that should be
484 configured at boot time. Do not specify this if you want to use dhcp (default).
485 It will be changed in a future release to mimick official kernel boot param
486 specification (e.g. ip=10.0.0.1::10.0.0.254:255.255.255.0::eth0,:::::eth1:dhcp).
487
488 ip=[**frommedia**]::
489
490 If this variable is set, dhcp and static configuration are just skipped and the
491 system will use the (must be) media-preconfigured /etc/network/interfaces
492 instead.
493
494 {keyb|kbd-chooser/method}=**KEYBOARD**, {klayout|console-setup/layoutcode}=**LAYOUT**,
495 {kvariant|console-setup/variantcode}=**VARIANT**, {kmodel|console-setup/modelcode}=
496 **CODE**, koptions=**OPTIONS**::
497
498 Configure the running keyboard as specified, if this one misses live-initramfs
499 behaves as if "keyb=us" was specified. It will be interfered from "locale=" if
500 locale is only 2 lowecase letters as a special case. You could also specify
501 console layout, variant, code, and options (no defaults).
502
503 live-getty::
504
505 This changes the auto-login on virtual terminals to use the (experimental)
506 live-getty code. With this option set the standard kernel argument "console=" is
507 parsed and if a serial console is specified then live-getty is used to autologin
508 on the serial console.
509
510 {live-media|bootfrom}=**DEVICE**::
511
512 If you specify one of this two equivalent forms, live-initramfs will first try
513 to find this device for the "/live" directory where the read-only root
514 filesystem should reside. If it did not find something usable, the normal scan
515 for block devices is performed.
516
517 Instead of specifing an actual device name, the keyword 'removable' can be used
518 to limit the search of acceptable live media to removable type only. Note that
519 if you want to further restrict the media to usb mass storage only, you can use
520 the 'removable-usb' keyword.
521
522 {live-media-encryption|encryption}=**TYPE**::
523
524 live-initramfs will mount the encrypted rootfs TYPE, asking the passphrase,
525 useful to build paranoid live systems :-). TYPE supported so far are "aes" for
526 loop-aes encryption type.
527
528 live-media-offset=**BYTES**::
529
530 This way you could tell live-initramfs that your image starts at offset BYTES in
531 the above specified or autodiscovered device, this could be useful to hide the
532 Debian Live iso or image inside another iso or image, to create "clean" images.
533
534 live-media-path=**PATH**::
535
536 Sets the path to the live filesystem on the medium. By default, it is set to
537 '/live' and you should not change that unless you have customized your media
538 accordingly.
539
540 live-media-timeout=**SECONDS**::
541
542 Set the timeout in seconds for the device specified by "live-media=" to become
543 ready before giving up.
544
545 {locale|debian-installer/locale}=**LOCALE**::
546
547 Configure the running locale as specified, if not present the live-media rootfs
548 configured locale will be used and if also this one misses live-initramfs behave
549 as "locale=en_US.UTF-8" was specified. If only 2 lowercase letter are specified
550 (like "it"), the "maybe wanted" locale is generated (like en:EN.UTF-8), in this
551 case if also "keyb=" is unspecified is set with those 2 lowercase letters
552 (keyb=us). Beside that facility, only UTF8 locales are supported by
553 live-initramfs.
554
555 module=**NAME**::
556
557 Instead of using the default optional file "filesystem.module" (see below)
558 another file could be specified without the extension ".module"; it should be
559 placed on "/live" directory of the live medium.
560
561 netboot[=**nfs**|**cifs**]::
562
563 This tells live-initramfs to perform a network mount. The parameter "nfsroot="
564 (with optional "nfsopts="), should specify where is the location of the root
565 filesystem. With no args, will try cifs first, and if it fails nfs.
566
567 nfsopts=::
568
569 This lets you specify custom nfs options.
570
571 noautologin::
572
573 This parameter disables the automatic terminal login only, not touching gdk/kdm.
574
575 noxautologin::
576
577 This parameter disables the automatic login of gdm/kdm only, not touching
578 terminals.
579
580 nofastboot::
581
582 This parameter disables the default disabling of filesystem checks in
583 /etc/fstab. If you have static filesystems on your harddisk and you want them to
584 be checked at boot time, use this parameter, otherwise they are skipped.
585
586 nopersistent::
587
588 disables the "persistent" feature, useful if the bootloader (like syslinux) has
589 been installed with persistent enabled.
590
591 noprompt
592
593 Do not prompt to eject the CD or remove the USB flash drive on reboot.
594
595 nosudo::
596
597 This parameter disables the automatic configuration of sudo.
598
599 swapon::
600
601 This parameter enables usage of local swap partitions.
602
603 nouser::
604
605 This parameter disables the creation of the default user completely.
606
607 noxautoconfig::
608
609 This parameter disables Xorg auto-reconfiguration at boot time. This is valuable
610 if you either do the detection on your own, or, if you want to ship a custom,
611 premade xorg.conf in your live system.
612
613 persistent[=nofiles]::
614
615 live-initramfs will look for persistent and snapshot partitions or files labeled
616 "live-rw", "home-rw", and files called "live-sn*", "home-sn*" and will try to,
617 in order: mount as /cow the first, mount the second in /home, and just copy the
618 contents of the latter in appropriate locations (snapshots). Snapshots will be
619 tried to be updated on reboot/shutdown. Look at live-snapshot(1) for more
620 informations. If "nofiles" is specified, only filesystems with matching labels
621 will be searched; no filesystems will be traversed looking for archives or image
622 files. This results in shorter boot times.
623
624 persistent-path=PATH
625
626 live-initramfs will look for persistency files in the root directory of a partition,
627 with this parameter, the path can be configured so that you can have multiple
628 directories on the same partition to store persistency files.
629
630 {preseed/file|file}=**FILE**::
631
632 A path to a file present on the rootfs could be used to preseed debconf
633 database.
634
635 package/question=**VALUE**::
636
637 All debian installed packages could be preseeded from command-line that way,
638 beware of blanks spaces, they will interfere with parsing, use a preseed file in
639 this case.
640
641 quickreboot::
642
643 This option causes live-initramfs to reboot without attempting to eject the
644 media and without asking the user to remove the boot media.
645
646 showmounts::
647
648 This parameter will make live-initramfs to show on "/" the ro filesystems
649 (mostly compressed) on "/live". This is not enabled by default because could
650 lead to problems by applications like "mono" which store binary paths on
651 installation.
652
653 silent
654
655 If you boot with the normal quiet parameter, live-initramfs hides most messages
656 of its own. When adding silent, it hides all.
657
658 textonly
659
660 Start up to text-mode shell prompts, disabling the graphical user interface.
661
662 timezone=**TIMEZONE**::
663
664 By default, timezone is set to UTC. Using the timezone parameter, you can set it
665 to your local zone, e.g. Europe/Zurich.
666
667 todisk=**DEVICE**::
668
669 Adding this parameter, live-initramfs will try to copy the entire read-only
670 media to the specified device before mounting the root filesystem. It probably
671 needs a lot of free space. Subsequent boots should then skip this step and just
672 specify the "live-media=DEVICE" boot parameter with the same DEVICE used this
673 time.
674
675 toram::
676
677 Adding this parameter, live-initramfs will try to copy the whole read-only media
678 to the computer's RAM before mounting the root filesystem. This could need a lot
679 of ram, according to the space used by the read-only media.
680
681 union=**aufs**|**unionfs**::
682
683 By default, live-initramfs uses aufs. With this parameter, you can switch to
684 unionfs.
685
686 utc=**yes**|**no**::
687
688 By default, Debian systems do assume that the hardware clock is set to UTC. You
689 can change or explicitly set it with this parameter.
690
691 xdebconf::
692
693 Uses xdebconfigurator, if present on the rootfs, to configure X instead of the
694 standard procedure (experimental).
695
696 xvideomode=**RESOLUTION**::
697
698 Doesn't do xorg autodetection, but enforces a given resolution.
699
700 Files
701 -----
702
703 /etc/live.conf
704
705 Some variables can be configured via this config file (inside the live system).
706
707 /live/filesystem.module
708
709 This optional file (inside the live media) contains a list of white-space or
710 carriage-return-separated file names corresponding to disk images in the "/live"
711 directory. If this file exists, only images listed here will be merged into the
712 root aufs, and they will be loaded in the order listed here. The first entry
713 in this file will be the "lowest" point in the aufs, and the last file in
714 this list will be on the "top" of the aufs, directly below /cow. Without
715 this file, any images in the "/live" directory are loaded in alphanumeric order.
716
717 /etc/live-persistence.binds
718
719 This optional file (which resides in the rootfs system, not in the live media)
720 is used as a list of directories which not need be persistent: ie. their
721 content does not need to survive reboots when using the persistence features.
722
723 This saves expensive writes and speeds up operations on volatile data such as
724 web caches and temporary files (like e.g. /tmp and .mozilla) which are
725 regenerated each time. This is achieved by bind mounting each listed directory
726 with a tmpfs on the original path.
727
728
729 See also
730 --------
731
732 live-snapshot(1), initramfs-tools(8), live-helper(7), live-initscripts(7),
733 live-webhelper(7)
734
735 Bugs
736 ----
737
738 Report bugs against live-initramfs
739 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/live-initramfs" target="_blank">http://packages.qa.debian.org/live-initramfs</a>.
740
741 Homepage
742 --------
743
744 More information about the Debian Live project can be found at
745 <a href="http://debian-live.alioth.debian.org/" target="_blank">http://debian-live.alioth.debian.org/</a> and
746 <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/DebianLive/" target="_blank">http://wiki.debian.org/DebianLive/</a>.
747
748 Authors
749 -------
750
751 live-initramfs is maintained by Daniel Baumann &amp;lt;daniel@debian.org&amp;gt;
752 for the Debian project.
753
754 live-initramfs is a fork of <a href="http://packages.ubuntu.com/casper/" target="_blank">casper</a>.
755 casper was originally written by Tollef Fog Heen &amp;lt;tfheen@canonical.com&amp;gt;
756 and Matt Zimmerman &amp;lt;mdz@canonical.com&amp;gt;.
757 </pre>
758 </div>
759
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