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revision 180 by sng, Mon Jun 6 18:57:10 2011 UTC revision 181 by sng, Wed Jun 22 16:47:21 2011 UTC
# Line 92  To access our current stable version, pl Line 92  To access our current stable version, pl
92  <H3>Documentation: Installing on USB</H3>  <H3>Documentation: Installing on USB</H3>
93    <div style="margin:0; padding: 3px; width: 980; position relative;">    <div style="margin:0; padding: 3px; width: 980; position relative;">
94      <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px;"><H4>30/06/2011 - v 3.2.0</H4></div>      <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px;"><H4>30/06/2011 - v 3.2.0</H4></div>
95      <div style="position: absolute; right: 0px;"><H4>Last update: 06/06/2011</H4></div>      <div style="position: absolute; right: 0px;"><H4>Last update: 22/06/2011</H4></div>
96    </div>    </div>
97  </div>  </div>
98  <div id="linkline">  <div id="linkline">
# Line 139  dd if=~/clonezilla-sysresccd-full-mod-3. Line 139  dd if=~/clonezilla-sysresccd-full-mod-3.
139  <p>And that's it. Your usb device is ready to boot!!!</p>  <p>And that's it. Your usb device is ready to boot!!!</p>
140    
141    
 <H3><a name="usb-free-space"></a>Using the extra space <span class="hideprint">[<a href="#usb-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</span></H3>  
   
 <p>  
 If your usb device is more than 400MB in size, the above command will leave the remaining space unused. To verify it, execute the command:  
 </p>  
 <p class="newcode" style="margin-left: 0;">fdisk -l /dev/<font color="Green">sdc</font></p>  
   
 <p style="margin-left: 0;">You should get something similar to this:</p>  
 <!--emty-line-->  
   
 <p class="newcode">  
 Disk /dev/sdc: 1048 MB, 1048576000 bytes<br>  
 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 1000 cylinders, total 2048000 sectors<br>  
 Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes<br>  
 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>  
 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>  
 Disk identifier: 0x77a5188f<br>  
 <br>  
 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Device&nbsp;Boot&nbsp;&nbsp;Start&nbsp;&nbsp;End&nbsp;&nbsp;Blocks&nbsp;&nbsp;Id&nbsp;&nbsp;System  
 /dev/sdc1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;384&nbsp;&nbsp;393216&nbsp;&nbsp;17&nbsp;&nbsp;Hidden&nbsp;HPFS/NTFS  
 </p>  
 <p>  
 As you can see, we are currently using 348 out of 1000 cylinders of the disk. The remaining disk space (~600MB) can still be used, executing the following commands<!--not-on-txt--> (user input is displayed in <font color="magenta">magenta</font>, comments are in <font color="#990000">brown</font>)<!--end-not-on-txt-->:  
 </p>  
   
 <p class="newcode">  
 fdisk /dev/<font color="green">sdc</font><br>  
 command (m for help): <font color="magenta">n</font> <font color="#990000">(create new partition)</font><br>  
 command action<br>  
    e   extended<br>  
    p   primary partition (1-4)<br>  
 <font color="magenta">p</font><br>  
 partition number (1-4): <font color="magenta">4</font> <font color="#990000">(create partition sdc4)</font><br>  
 first cylinder (385-1000, default 385): <br>  
 using default value 385<br>  
 last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{k,m,g} (385-1000, default 1000): <br>  
 using default value 1000<br>  
 <br>  
 command (m for help): <font color="magenta">p</font> <font color="#990000">(display partition table)</font><br>  
 <br>  
 disk /dev/sdc: 1048 mb, 1048576000 bytes<br>  
 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 1000 cylinders<br>  
 units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes<br>  
 sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>  
 i/o size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>  
 disk identifier: 0x77a5188f<br>  
 <br>  
 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;device&nbsp;boot&nbsp;&nbsp;start&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;end&nbsp;&nbsp;blocks&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;id&nbsp;&nbsp;system<br>  
 /dev/sdc1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;384&nbsp;&nbsp;393216&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;17&nbsp;&nbsp;hidden&nbsp;hpfs/ntfs<br>  
 /dev/sdc4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;385&nbsp;&nbsp;1000&nbsp;&nbsp;630784&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;83&nbsp;&nbsp;linux<br>  
 <br>  
 <br>  
 command (m for help): <font color="magenta">t</font> <font color="#990000">(change partition type)</font><br>  
 partition number (1-4): <font color="magenta">4</font><br>  
 hex code (type l to list codes): <font color="magenta">b</font><br>  
 changed system type of partition 4 to b (w95 fat32)<br>  
 <br>  
 command (m for help): <font color="magenta">p</font> <font color="#990000">(display partition table)</font><br>  
 <br>  
 disk /dev/sdc: 1048 mb, 1048576000 bytes<br>  
 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 1000 cylinders<br>  
 units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes<br>  
 sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>  
 i/o size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>  
 disk identifier: 0x77a5188f<br>  
 <br>  
 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;device&nbsp;boot&nbsp;&nbsp;start&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;end&nbsp;&nbsp;blocks&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;id&nbsp;&nbsp;system<br>  
 /dev/sdc1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;384&nbsp;&nbsp;393216&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;17&nbsp;&nbsp;hidden&nbsp;hpfs/ntfs<br>  
 /dev/sdc4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;385&nbsp;&nbsp;1000&nbsp;&nbsp;630784&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b&nbsp;&nbsp;w95&nbsp;fat32<br>  
 <br>  
 command (m for help): <font color="magenta">w</font> <font color="#990000">(write partition table to disk and exit)</font><br>  
 The partition table has been altered!<br>  
 <br>  
 Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.<br>  
 <br>  
 WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.<br>  
 The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at<br>  
 the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)<br>  
 Syncing disks.  
 </p>  
 <!--emty-line-->  
 <p>  
 At this point you should disconnect and reconnect your usb device. When it's recognised, you can format the partition you've just created  
  </p>  
 <!--emty-line-->  
 <p class="newcode">  
 mkdosfs -F 32 /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font>  
 </p>  
 <!--emty-line-->  
 <p>  
 The partition is now ready for use!!!  
 </p>  
 <!--emty-line-->  
142  <H2><a name="usb-hard"></a>Installing the "hard" way <span class="hideprint">[<a href="#usb-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</span></H2>  <H2><a name="usb-hard"></a>Installing the "hard" way <span class="hideprint">[<a href="#usb-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</span></H2>
143  <!--emty-line-->  <!--emty-line-->
144  <p>If the "easy" way does not work there is an alternative; you will use the <b>Clonezilla-SysRescCD</b> ISO file (or CD) to copy and modify a couple of files on the USB disk, and finally make it bootable, using <a href="http://syslinux.zytor.com" target="_blank">syslinux</a> and its configuration file <b>syslinux.cfg</b>.</p>  <p>If the "easy" way does not work there is an alternative; you will use the <b>Clonezilla-SysRescCD</b> ISO file (or CD) to copy and modify a couple of files on the USB disk, and finally make it bootable, using <a href="http://syslinux.zytor.com" target="_blank">syslinux</a> and its configuration file <b>syslinux.cfg</b>.</p>
# Line 266  mount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</fon Line 173  mount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</fon
173  cp -r /mnt/mycd/* /mnt/usbdevice<br>  cp -r /mnt/mycd/* /mnt/usbdevice<br>
174  umount /mnt/mycd; rmdir /mnt/mycd<br>  umount /mnt/mycd; rmdir /mnt/mycd<br>
175  cd /mnt/usbdevice<br>  cd /mnt/usbdevice<br>
176  rm isolinux/*.cfg<br>  cp syslinux/*.cfg isolinux<br>
177  mv isolinux/* .<br>  cp syslinux/*.png isolinux<br>
178  rmdir isolinux<br>  rm -rf syslinux<br>
179  cd; umount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font><br>  mv isolinux syslinux</p>
180    <!--emty-line-->
181    <div align="center"><table class="note" border="0" cellpadding="20"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="images/important.png"></td><td>
182    Since you are using any linux box to complete this procedure,<br>you have to use the syslinux installation provided by this linux box.<br><br>Otherwise, you will probably end up with an unbootable device...</td></tr></table></div>
183    
184    <p>First thing you have to do is find where syslinux is installed. The best way to do that is look for a file named <b>vesamenu.c32</b>. You can use locate, find, or any other distribution specific tool for that. In Debian (and its derivatives like Ubuntu, LMDE etc.) this file is under <font color="Green"><b>/usr/lib/syslinux</b></font>, so I'll just use that for the following code.</p>
185    
186    <p class="newcode">cd syslinux<br>
187    for f in *.c32<br>
188    do<br>
189    cp -v <font color="Green"><b>/usr/lib/syslinux</b></font>/$f .<br>
190    cd ..<br>
191    done</p>
192    
193    <p>In either case, unmount the device and delete the mount point (directory).</p>
194    
195    <p class="newcode">cd; umount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font><br>
196  rmdir /mnt/usbdevice</p>  rmdir /mnt/usbdevice</p>
197  <!--emty-line-->  <!--emty-line-->
198  <p>Finally make your USB device bootable, by executing</p>  <p>Finally make your USB device bootable, by executing</p>
# Line 286  Boot <b>SystemRescueCD </b> using the op Line 209  Boot <b>SystemRescueCD </b> using the op
209  mount /dev/<font color="Green">sr0</font> /mnt/mycd <br>  mount /dev/<font color="Green">sr0</font> /mnt/mycd <br>
210  mkdir /mnt/usbdevice<br>  mkdir /mnt/usbdevice<br>
211  mount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font> /mnt/usbdevice<br>  mount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font> /mnt/usbdevice<br>
212  cp -r /mnt/mycd/* /mnt/usbdevice<br>  cp -rv /mnt/mycd/* /mnt/usbdevice<br>
213  umount /mnt/mycd<br>  umount /mnt/mycd<br>
214  cd /mnt/usbdevice<br>  cd /mnt/usbdevice<br>
215  rm isolinux/*.cfg<br>  cp syslinux/*.cfg isolinux<br>
216  mv isolinux/* .<br>  cp syslinux/*.png isolinux<br>
217  rmdir isolinux<br>  rm -rf syslinux<br>
218    mv isolinux syslinux<br>
219  cd; umount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font></p>  cd; umount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font></p>
220  <!--emty-line-->  <!--emty-line-->
221  <p>Finally make your USB device bootable, by executing</p>  <p>Finally make your USB device bootable, by executing</p>
# Line 310  You will have to</p> Line 234  You will have to</p>
234    
235  <ul>  <ul>
236  <li>Copy all files from drive <b><font color="Green">D:</font></b> (CD or mounted ISO file) to drive <b><font color="Green">K:</font></b> (USB disk)</li>  <li>Copy all files from drive <b><font color="Green">D:</font></b> (CD or mounted ISO file) to drive <b><font color="Green">K:</font></b> (USB disk)</li>
237  <li>Delete <b><u>all</u> cfg</b> files from <b><font color="Green">K:</font>isolinux</b></li>  <li>Copy <b><u>all</u> cfg</b> files from <b><font color="Green">K:\</font>syslinux</b> to <b><font color="Green">K:\</font>isolinux</b></li>
238  <li>Move all files from <b><font color="Green">K:</font>isolinux</b> to <b><font color="Green">K:</font></b></li>  <li>Copy <b><u>all</u> png</b> files from <b><font color="Green">K:\</font>syslinux</b> to <b><font color="Green">K:\</font>isolinux</b></li>
239  <li>Delete folder <b><font color="Green">K:</font>isolinux</b> </li>  <li>Delete the folder <b><font color="Green">K:\</font>syslinux</b></li>
240    <li>Rename <b><font color="Green">K:\</font>isolinux</b> to <b><font color="Green">K:\</font>syslinux</b></li>
241  </ul>  </ul>
242  <p>Now all you have to do is make your USB disk bootable. In order to do that you have to open a DOS window (in Windows XP press "<b>Start / Run </b>" and type <b>cmd</b>). Then type at DOS prompt:</p>  <p>Now all you have to do is make your USB disk bootable. In order to do that you have to open a DOS window (in Windows XP press "<b>Start / Run </b>" and type <b>cmd</b>). Then type at DOS prompt:</p>
243  <p class="newcode"><font color="Green">K:</font><br>  <p class="newcode"><font color="Green">K:</font><br>
# Line 349  If you are on linux, check that the part Line 274  If you are on linux, check that the part
274  <!--emty-line-->  <!--emty-line-->
275    
276  <p class="newcode">  <p class="newcode">
277  Disk /dev/<font color="Green">sdc</font>: 1031 MB, 1031798272 bytes<br>  Disk <font color="Green">/dev/sdc</font>: 4043 MB, 4043309056 bytes<br>
278  64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 983 cylinders<br>  125 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1018 cylinders, total 7897088 sectors<br>
279  Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes<br>  Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes<br>
280    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>
281    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>
282    Disk identifier: 0x596bbd85<br>
283  <br>  <br>
284  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Device&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="Red">Boot</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;Start&nbsp;&nbsp;End&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Blocks&nbsp;&nbsp;Id&nbsp;&nbsp;System<br>  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Device&nbsp;<font color="Red">Boot</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Start&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;End&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Blocks&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Id&nbsp;&nbsp;System<br>
285  /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="Red">*</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;983&nbsp;&nbsp;1006576&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6&nbsp;&nbsp;FAT16<br>  /dev/sdc1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="Red">*</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;63&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1461914&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;730926&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b&nbsp;&nbsp;W95&nbsp;FAT32
286  </p>  </p>
287  <!--emty-line-->  <!--emty-line-->
288  <p style="margin-left: 0;"><br>If the partition is not active (no astrisk), execute:</p>  <p style="margin-left: 0;"><br>If the partition is not active (<b>no asterisk</b>), execute:</p>
289  <p class="newcode" style="margin-left: 0;">fdisk /dev/<font color="Green">sdc</font></p>  <p class="newcode" style="margin-left: 0;">fdisk /dev/<font color="Green">sdc</font></p>
290  <p style="margin-left: 0;">and issue "Command: " <b>a</b> (toggle a bootable flag) and "Partition number:" <b><font color="Green">4</font></b> (for <b>/dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font></b>).<br><br>  <p style="margin-left: 0;">and issue "Command: " <b>a</b> (toggle a bootable flag) and "Partition number:" <b><font color="Green">4</font></b> (for <b>/dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font></b>).<br><br>
291  <!--emty-line-->  <!--emty-line-->
# Line 417  If you have to specify any additional bo Line 345  If you have to specify any additional bo
345  <!--emty-line-->  <!--emty-line-->
346  The procedure to do that is the following:<br><br>  The procedure to do that is the following:<br><br>
347  <!--emty-line-->  <!--emty-line-->
348  Boot <b>SystemRescueCD</b>  (or if that's not possible yet, bot <b>Clonezilla Linux</b> and get to the command line) using the option <b>To RAM</b>, and when it is fully loaded, execute the following commands:</p>  Boot <b>SystemRescueCD</b>  (or if that's not possible yet, boot <b>Clonezilla Live</b> and get to the command line) using the option <b>To RAM</b>, and when it is fully loaded, execute the following commands:</p>
349  <p class="newcode">mkdir /mnt/usbdevice<br>  <p class="newcode">mkdir /mnt/usbdevice<br>
350  mount /dev/<font color="Green">[device]</font> /mnt/usbdevice <br>  mount /dev/<font color="Green">[device]</font> /mnt/usbdevice <br>
351  cd  /mnt/usbdevice<br>  cd  /mnt/usbdevice<br>
352  cp sysresc.cfg sysresc.bak<br>  cp sysresc.cfg sysresc.bak<br>
353  sed 's|<font color="Red">scandelay=5</font>|<font color="Red">scandelay=<font color="Green">x</font> [additional params]</font>|'  <br>  sed 's|<font color="Red">scandelay=5</font>|<font color="Red">scandelay=<font color="Green">x</font> [additional params]</font>|'  \<br>
354   sysresc.cfg &gt; sys.cfg<br>   sysresc.cfg &gt; sys.cfg<br>
355  mv sys.cfg sysresc.cfg<br>  mv sys.cfg sysresc.cfg<br>
356  cd; umount /dev/<font color="Green">[device]</font><br>  cd; umount /dev/<font color="Green">[device]</font><br>
# Line 435  reboot</p> Line 363  reboot</p>
363  <!--emty-line-->  <!--emty-line-->
364  If, for example, you want to increase the device scan delay to maximum, the above commands would become:</p>  If, for example, you want to increase the device scan delay to maximum, the above commands would become:</p>
365  <p class="newcode">mkdir /mnt/usbdevice<br>  <p class="newcode">mkdir /mnt/usbdevice<br>
366  mount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font> /mnt/usbdevice <br>  mount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc1</font> /mnt/usbdevice <br>
367  cd  /mnt/usbdevice<br>  cd  /mnt/usbdevice<br>
368  cp sysresc.cfg sysresc.bak<br>  cp sysresc.cfg sysresc.bak<br>
369  sed 's|<font color="Red">scandelay=5</font>|<font color="Red">scandelay=<font color="Green">10</font></font>|' sysresc.cfg &gt; sys.cfg<br>  sed 's|<font color="Red">scandelay=5</font>|<font color="Red">scandelay=<font color="Green">10</font></font>|' sysresc.cfg &gt; sys.cfg<br>
370  mv sys.cfg sysresc.cfg<br>  mv sys.cfg sysresc.cfg<br>
371  cd; umount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font><br>  cd; umount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc1</font><br>
372  syslinux /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font><br>  syslinux /dev/<font color="Green">sdc1</font><br>
373  reboot</p>  reboot</p>
374  <!--emty-line-->  <!--emty-line-->
375  <p>If, in addition to that, you had to use the boot parameter <b><font color="Red">usbstick</font></b>, then it would be:</p>  <p>If, in addition to that, you had to use the boot parameter <b><font color="Red">usbstick</font></b>, then it would be:</p>
376  <p class="newcode">mkdir /mnt/usbdevice<br>  <p class="newcode">mkdir /mnt/usbdevice<br>
377  mount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font> /mnt/usbdevice <br>  mount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc1</font> /mnt/usbdevice <br>
378  cd  /mnt/usbdevice<br>  cd  /mnt/usbdevice<br>
379  cp sysresc.cfg sysresc.bak<br>  cp sysresc.cfg sysresc.bak<br>
380  sed 's|<font color="Red">scandelay=5</font>|<font color="Red">scandelay=<font color="Green">10</font> usbstick</font>|' sysresc.cfg &gt; sys.cfg<br>  sed 's|<font color="Red">scandelay=5</font>|<font color="Red">scandelay=<font color="Green">10</font> usbstick</font>|' sysresc.cfg &gt; sys.cfg<br>
381  mv sys.cfg sysresc.cfg<br>  mv sys.cfg sysresc.cfg<br>
382  cd; umount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font><br>  cd; umount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc1</font><br>
383  syslinux /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font><br>  syslinux /dev/<font color="Green">sdc1</font><br>
384  reboot</p>  reboot</p>
385  <!--emty-line-->  <!--emty-line-->
386  <p>In case something goes wrong with your new settings, you can always rename <b>sysresc.bak</b> to <b>sysresc.cfg</b>, either from linux or Windows.</p>  <p>In case something goes wrong with your new settings, you can always rename <b>sysresc.bak</b> to <b>sysresc.cfg</b>, either from linux or Windows.</p>
387    
388    
389    <H2><a name="usb-free-space"></a>Using the extra space <span class="hideprint">[<a href="#usb-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</span></H2>
390    
391    <p>
392    If your usb device is more than 450MB in size, the above procedure will leave the remaining space unused. To verify it, execute the command:
393    </p>
394    <p class="newcode" style="margin-left: 0;">fdisk -l /dev/<font color="Green">sdc</font></p>
395    
396    <p style="margin-left: 0;">You should get something similar to this:</p>
397    <!--emty-line-->
398    
399    <p class="newcode">
400    Disk /dev/sdc: 4043 MB, 4043309056 bytes<br>
401    125 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1018 cylinders, total 7897088 sectors<br>
402    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes<br>
403    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>
404    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>
405    Disk identifier: 0x596bbd85<br>
406    <br>
407    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Device&nbsp;Boot&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Start&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;End&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Blocks&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Id&nbsp;&nbsp;System<br>
408    /dev/sdc1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;63&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1461914&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;730926&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b&nbsp;&nbsp;W95&nbsp;FAT32
409    
410    </p>
411    <p>
412    As you can see, we are currently using 1461914 out of 7897088 sectors of the disk. The remaining disk space (~3GB) can still be used, to save backups, for example, executing the following commands<!--not-on-txt--> (user input is displayed in <font color="magenta">magenta</font>, comments are in <font color="#990000">brown</font>)<!--end-not-on-txt-->:
413    </p>
414    
415    <p class="newcode">
416    # fdisk /dev/<font color="green">sdc</font><br>
417    command (m for help): <font color="magenta">n</font> <font color="#990000">(create new partition)</font><br>
418    command action<br>
419       e   extended<br>
420       p   primary partition (1-4)<br>
421    <font color="magenta">p</font><br>
422    partition number (1-4): <font color="magenta">4</font> <font color="#990000">(create partition sdc4)</font><br>
423    First sector (1461915-7897087, default 1461915): <br>
424    using default value 1461915<br>
425    Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1461915-7897087, default 7897087): <br>
426    using default value 7897087<br>
427    <br>
428    command (m for help): <font color="magenta">p</font> <font color="#990000">(display partition table)</font><br>
429    <br>
430    Disk /dev/sdd: 4043 MB, 4043309056 bytes<br>
431    125 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1018 cylinders, total 7897088 sectors<br>
432    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes<br>
433    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>
434    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>
435    Disk identifier: 0x596bbd85<br>
436    <br>
437    /dev/sdc1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;63&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1461914&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;730926&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b&nbsp;&nbsp;W95&nbsp;FAT32
438    /dev/sdc4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1461915&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7897087&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3217586+&nbsp;&nbsp;83&nbsp;&nbsp;Linux
439    <br>
440    <br>
441    command (m for help): <font color="magenta">t</font> <font color="#990000">(change partition type)</font><br>
442    partition number (1-4): <font color="magenta">4</font><br>
443    hex code (type l to list codes): <font color="magenta">b</font><br>
444    changed system type of partition 4 to b (W95 FAT32)<br>
445    <br>
446    command (m for help): <font color="magenta">p</font> <font color="#990000">(display partition table)</font><br>
447    <br>
448    Disk /dev/sdd: 4043 MB, 4043309056 bytes<br>
449    125 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1018 cylinders, total 7897088 sectors<br>
450    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes<br>
451    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>
452    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>
453    Disk identifier: 0x596bbd85<br>
454    <br>
455    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;device&nbsp;boot&nbsp;&nbsp;start&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;end&nbsp;&nbsp;blocks&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;id&nbsp;&nbsp;system<br>
456    /dev/sdc1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;63&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1461914&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;730926&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b&nbsp;&nbsp;W95&nbsp;FAT32
457    /dev/sdc4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1461915&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7897087&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3217586+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b&nbsp;&nbsp;W95&nbsp;FAT32<br>
458    <br>
459    command (m for help): <font color="magenta">w</font> <font color="#990000">(write partition table to disk and exit)</font><br>
460    The partition table has been altered!<br>
461    <br>
462    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.<br>
463    <br>
464    WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.<br>
465    The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at<br>
466    the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)<br>
467    Syncing disks.
468    </p>
469    <!--emty-line-->
470    <p>
471    At this point you should disconnect and reconnect your usb device. When it's recognised, you can format the partition you've just created
472     </p>
473    <!--emty-line-->
474    <p class="newcode">
475    mkdosfs -F 32 /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font>
476    </p>
477    <!--emty-line-->
478    <p>
479    The partition is now ready for use!!!
480    </p>
481  </div>  </div>
482    
483    
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