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79     <H2>Clonezilla-SysRescCD</H2>
80     <H3>Documentation: Fixing boot problems
81     </H3>
82     <div style="margin:0; padding: 3px; width: 980; position relative;">
83     <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px;"><H4>25/02/2010 - v 3.1.0</H4></div>
84     <div style="position: absolute; right: 0px;"><H4>Last update: 01/03/2010</H4></div>
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105 sng 28 <a name="sgd-top"></a>
106    
107    
108     <!-- Intro -->
109    
110     <H2 style="margin-top: 0;"><a name="sgd-intro"></a>Intro <span class="hideprint">[<a href="#sgd-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</span></H2>
111    
112     <p>Boot problems are probably the most feared computer problems. Without an operating system you can't access your data, get the work done or even google for help. That's why it's often a good idea to have an alternative operating system available for searching help if the main OS doesn't work. Also a copy of <b>Clonezilla-SysRescCD</b> can be invaluable help.<br>
113     <br>
114     Actually, the initial reason why I (Jyrki) installed GNU/Linux at all was that I wanted to be able to fix Windows boot problems if they occur. I installed both GNU/Linux and GRUB to my external hard drive, completely separating operating systems. Even if either bootloader stopped working, I'd still be able to boot one of my OSes.<br>
115     <br>
116     But such configuration is not easy to create, and when I installed GNU/Linux, I knew very little about it. If I didn't read the instructions I found here and there very carefully, I probably would have done a common mistake: installing GRUB to my internal hard drive. Such mistake would have caused two problems:<br>
117     <br>
118     <ul>
119     <li>Inability to boot GNU/Linux at any computer expect the one which was used for installing</li>
120     <li>Inability to boot Windows when the external drive isn't connected</li>
121     </ul>
122     <br><br>
123     In this page, I simulate that situation in a virtual machine and fix both problems.</p>
124    
125    
126    
127     <!-- Symptoms -->
128    
129     <H2><a name="sgd-symptoms"></a>Symptoms <span class="hideprint">[<a href="#sgd-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</span></H2>
130    
131     <p>What happens when I try to boot the external hard drive on another computer depends on the BIOS of the computer. For example, on my computer I see a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Screen_of_Death" target="_blank">Black Screen of Death</a> when I try booting from a disk with empty Master Boot Record. Other BIOSes may boot the local operating system or display an error message (for example "Disk boot failure", "Missing operating system" or "Operating system not found").<br>
132     <br>
133     The other problem is very easy to determine. When external drive is disconnected and I try to boot, I'll see this:<br>
134     <br>
135     <img src="images/error-21.png"></p>
136    
137    
138    
139     <!-- Goals -->
140    
141     <H2><a name="sgd-goals"></a>Goals <span class="hideprint">[<a href="#sgd-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</span></H2>
142    
143     <p>Because I still want to separate my operating systems completely, I try to restore NTLDR to the Master Boot Record of the internal disk, if possible. If that's not possible, I install there another bootloader that chainloads Windows.<br>
144     <br>
145     I could reinstall GNU/Linux completely and make sure that the GRUB is installed to the right disk this time, but it's not a good idea if I only need to overwrite the first 446 bytes (yes, bytes, not kilo- or megabytes) of the disk. So, I only install GRUB to the external disk, by using <b>Super Grub Disk</b>.<br>
146     <br>
147     Your problem (if you have one at all) most likely is different, but goals are often the same.<br>
148     <br>
149     You need to restore NTLDR if you...<br>
150     <br>
151     <ul>
152     <li>...just installed GNU/Linux, but the boot menu doesn't mention Windows at all. You're not willing to learn how Windows can be added to the boot menu, you just need to make your computer to boot Windows again right now.</li>
153     <li>...cloned your Windows partition to your brand new computer but didn't clone the Master Boot Record.</li>
154     <li>...are about to uninstall GNU/Linux and aren't willing to use GRUB as your bootloader.</li>
155     </ul>
156     <br>
157     <br>
158     You need to install GRUB if you...<br>
159     <br>
160     <ul>
161     <li>...just installed Windows and want to make GNU/Linux bootable again.</li>
162     <li>...cloned your GNU/Linux partition to your brand new computer but didn't clone the Master Boot Record.</li>
163     <li>...just installed GNU/Linux but installed GRUB to a non-first hard drive by accident. (The symptom is that your computer still boots to the operating system you had installed already.)</li></p>
164    
165     <div align="center"><table class="note" border="0" cellpadding="20"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="images/info.png"></td><td>
166     The following pressentation has been made using<br><b>Super Grub Disk v0.9799</b>
167     </td></tr></table></div>
168    
169    
170    
171     <!-- Restoring NTLDR -->
172    
173     <H2><a name="ntldr"></a>Restoring NTLDR <span class="hideprint">[<a href="#sgd-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</span></H2>
174    
175     <p>There are a lot of ways to restore NTLDR. However, sometimes there is no legal way to restore it, and I'm NOT telling about the illegal ones. The last resort is using syslinux to chainload Windows; there is usually no way to notice that syslinux is used instead of NTLDR.<br>
176     <br>
177     I've listed here the most important options in order I'd use them.</p>
178     <!--empty line-->
179     <H3><a name="ntldr-backup"></a>Restoring NTLDR from a backup <span class="hideprint">[<a href="#sgd-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</span></H3>
180    
181     <p>If you've been smart enough to use <b>Clonezilla Live</b> to create a disk image of your first hard drive, it's very easy to restore NTLDR.<br>
182     <br>
183     Your NTLDR is safe in a file called <b>hda-mbr</b> or <b>sda-mbr</b>. You can use <b>dd</b> to overwrite your existing Master Boot Record.</p>
184     <!--empty line-->
185     <div align="center"><table class="note" border="0" cellpadding="20"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="images/important.png"></td><td>
186     Don't restore all 512 bytes of your Master Boot Record.<br><br>The MBR contains your partition table and restoring it after<br>repartitioning your disk <b>erases all the data on the disk</b>.
187     </td></tr></table></div>
188     <!--empty line-->
189     <p>If you normally use GNU/Linux, open terminal and run these commands as root:</p>
190     <!--empty line-->
191     <p class="newcode">mount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc1</font> /mnt/usb<br>
192     dd if=/mnt/usb/<font color="Green">Backup</font>/<font color="Green">sda</font>-mbr of=/dev/<font color="Green">sda</font> bs=446 count=1</p>
193     <!--empty line-->
194     <p><b>Note:</b> In the commands I have assumed that your first hard drive is <b>/dev/<font color="Green">sda</font></b> and that your disk image resides in the folder <b><font color="Green">Backup</font></b> in partition <b>/dev/<font color="Green">sdc1</font></b>. You will have to replace them with the correct pieces of information.</p>
195     <!--empty line-->
196     <p><b>Note:</b> How a command can be run as root depends on the GNU/Linux distribution you use. If it's Ubuntu or a distro based on it, simply put "<b>sudo</b>" above the command. For example, the latter of the above commands can be executed by typing "<b>sudo dd if=/mnt/usb/<font color="Green">Backup</font>/<font color="Green">sda</font>-mbr of=/dev/<font color="Green">sda</font> bs=446 count=1</b>"</p>
197     <!--empty line-->
198     <p>If you normally use another operating system, boot into <b>SystemRescueCD</b> and run the above commands. In <b>SystemRescueCD</b> all commands are run as root, so you don't need to add any prefix to the commands.</p>
199     <!--empty line-->
200     <p>If you don't know the name of the partition, run this command as root:</p>
201     <!--empty line-->
202     <p class="newcode">fdisk -l</p>
203     <!--empty line-->
204     <p>It tells how many hard drives you have, how many partitions they contain and what filesystems the partitions use. If you know, for example, that the disk where you've saved the disk image contains only one partition, look for such disks.</p>
205     <!--empty line-->
206 jyrki 152 <H3><a name="ntldr-7"></a>Using Bootrec.exe (Windows Vista/7 only) <span class="hideprint">[<a href="#sgd-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</span></H3>
207 sng 28
208     <p>You need Windows Vista/7 install disc for this. If you don't have one (for example, if you bought a laptop that was bundled with preinstalled Windows and manufacturer's recovery disc), download a recovery disc from <a href="http://neosmart.net/blog/2008/windows-vista-recovery-disc-download/" target="_blank">here</a>.<br>
209     <br>
210 jyrki 152 Then boot from the disc.</p>
211 sng 28 <!--empty line-->
212 jyrki 152 <p><img src="images/windows7-00.png"><br>
213     After selecting language, time, currency and keyboard, click <b>Next</b>.</p>
214     <!--empty line-->
215     <p><img src="images/windows7-01.png"><br>
216     Click <b>Repair your computer</b>.</p>
217     <!--empty line-->
218     <p><img src="images/windows7-02.png"><br>
219     Choose the option <b>Use recovery tools that can help fix problems starting Windows</b> and click <b>Next</b>.</p>
220     <!--empty line-->
221     <p><img src="images/windows7-03.png"><br>
222     You'll see a dialog box named <b>System Recovery Options</b>. Click <b>Command Prompt</b>.</p>
223     <!--empty line-->
224     <p><img src="images/windows7-04.png"><br>
225     Then you only need to execute one command:</p>
226     <!--empty line-->
227 sng 28 <p class="newcode">Bootrec /FixMbr</p>
228     <!--empty line-->
229     <p><b>Note:</b> The command is case-insensitive. You can type, for example, "<b>bootrec /fixmbr</b>".</p>
230     <!--empty line-->
231 jyrki 152 <p><img src="images/windows7-05.png"><br>
232     </p>
233     <!--empty line-->
234 sng 28 <H3><a name="ntldr-xp"></a>Using FIXMBR (Windows XP only) <span class="hideprint">[<a href="#sgd-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</span></H3>
235    
236     <p>You need Windows XP install disc. Boot from it, and when you see the screen "Windows XP Home Edition Setup" or "Windows XP Professional Setup", press <font color="Red"><b>R</b></font> to enter the Recovery Console. Then choose the Windows installation you want to log onto. If you have only one copy of Windows installed, press <font color="Red"><b>1</b></font> and ENTER. After that, enter the administator password and press ENTER.<br>
237     <br>
238     There is only one command to run:</p>
239     <!--empty line-->
240     <p class="newcode">FIXMBR</p>
241     <!--empty line-->
242     <p><b>Note:</b> The command is case-insensitive. You can type, for example, "<b>fixmbr</b>".</p>
243     <!--empty line-->
244     <H3><a name="ntldr-9x"></a>Using FDISK (Windows 95/98/Me only) <span class="hideprint">[<a href="#sgd-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</span></H3>
245    
246     <p>For this, you need a floppy drive. You also need to run a Windows-only program, so your first challenge is to boot Windows without NTLDR.<br>
247     <br>
248     Don't worry, <b>Super Grub Disk</b> makes it possible. Boot into it.</p>
249     <!--empty line-->
250 jyrki 152 <p><img src="images/supergrubdisk-01.png"><br>
251 sng 28 Just choose the option "<font color="Red"><b>!WIN!&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:(((</b></font>" and press ENTER.<br>
252     <br>
253     When you have Windows up and running, download the boot disk image appropriate to your version of Windows from <a href="http://www.bootdisk.com/bootdisk.htm" target="_blank">Bootdisk.Com</a>. Then put a floppy to your floppy drive.<br>
254     <br>
255     If the floppy isn't already formatted, open <b>My Computer</b>, right-click the floppy drive and select <b>Format...</b>.<br>
256     <br>
257     At the format window, choose the capacity of 1,44 megabytes and <b>Full</b> format type. You can enter any label (it means the name of the floppy you can see next to the floppy drive letter) and disable the summary if you wish. Keep the <b>Copy system files</b> option disabled.<br>
258     <br>
259     When you have a formatted floppy in your drive, double-click the boot disk image you downloaded. When it's done, shut Windows down and check your BIOS settings to be able to boot from the floppy. Some BIOSes contain a boot menu, others require editing settings pernamently. Details can be found on the manual of the motherboard or laptop.<br>
260     <br>
261     Then boot from the floppy. When you're given three boot options, choose the option <b>2. Start computer without CD-ROM support</b>. Wait a moment to enter command line and run this command:</p>
262     <!--empty line-->
263     <p class="newcode">FDISK /MBR</p>
264     <!--empty line-->
265     <p><b>Note:</b> The command is case-insensitive. You can type, for example, "<b>fdisk /mbr</b>".</p>
266    
267     <!--empty line-->
268     <H3><a name="ntldr-sgd"></a>Installing syslinux using Super Grub Disk <span class="hideprint">[<a href="#sgd-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</span></H3>
269    
270     <p>The above four are the only legal ways I know to restore NTLDR to the Master Boot Record. Unfortunately, sometimes none of them can be used. If that's the case, it's time to switch bootloader. GRUB can be configured to chainload Windows, and usually it even does that automatically, but this page isn't intended to help configuring GRUB. I assume that if you're primarily a Windows user and reading this page, you don't want to learn how to use GNU/Linux, you just want to make Windows bootable again.<br>
271     <br>
272     Maybe the easiest way to do so is installing syslinux using <b>Super Grub Disk</b>. <b>Super Grub Disk</b> configures it automatically to chainload the first active partition. The partition should contain Windows, Windows can't boot if its partition isn't active.<br>
273     <br>
274     Boot into <b>Super Grub Disk</b>.</p>
275     <!--empty line-->
276 jyrki 152 <p><img src="images/supergrubdisk-01a.png"><br>
277 sng 28 Choose the option "<font color="Red"><b>WIN => MBR & !WIN!&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:(((((((((((((((((((((</b></font>" and press ENTER. Windows will be booted automatically right after installing syslinux.</p>
278    
279    
280    
281     <!-- Installing GRUB -->
282    
283     <H2><a name="grub"></a>Installing GRUB <span class="hideprint">[<a href="#sgd-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</span></H2>
284    
285     <p>Contrary to various ways to restore NTLDR, there is only one way to install GRUB I recommend. That's <b>Super Grub Disk</b>, because it contains GRUB no matter what has happened to the hard drive(s). First, I boot into it.</p>
286     <!--empty line-->
287 jyrki 152 <p><img src="images/supergrubdisk-01b.png"><br>
288 sng 28 I select "<font color="Red"><b>Choose Language & HELP&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:-)))</b></font>" and press ENTER.</p>
289     <!--empty line-->
290     <H3><a name="grub-1"></a>Screen "S.G.D. Language Selection." [<a href="#sgd-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</H3>
291    
292 jyrki 152 <p><img src="images/supergrubdisk-02.png"><br>
293 sng 28 I select "<font color="Red"><b>English Super Grub Disk</b></font>" and press ENTER.</p>
294     <!--empty line-->
295 jyrki 152 <p><img src="images/supergrubdisk-03.png"><br>
296 sng 28 I press ENTER...</p>
297     <!--empty line-->
298 jyrki 152 <p><img src="images/supergrubdisk-04.png"><br>
299 sng 28 ...and then ENTER again...</p>
300     <!--empty line-->
301 jyrki 152 <p><img src="images/supergrubdisk-05.png"><br>
302 sng 28 ...and then ENTER once again...</p>
303     <!--empty line-->
304 jyrki 152 <p><img src="images/supergrubdisk-06.png"><br>
305 sng 28 ...and finally ENTER one more time.</p>
306     <!--empty line-->
307     <H3><a name="grub-2"></a>Screen "English Super Grub Disk (Help)" [<a href="#sgd-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</H3>
308    
309 jyrki 152 <p><img src="images/supergrubdisk-07.png"><br>
310 sng 28 I select "<font color="Red"><b>Advanced</b></font>".</p>
311     <!--empty line-->
312     <H3><a name="grub-3"></a>Screen "Advanced (Help)" [<a href="#sgd-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</H3>
313    
314 jyrki 152 <p><img src="images/supergrubdisk-08.png"><br>
315 sng 28 I select "<font color="Red"><b>GRUB</b></font>" and press ENTER.</p>
316     <!--empty line-->
317     <H3><a name="grub-4"></a>Screen "GRUB (Help)" [<a href="#sgd-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</H3>
318    
319 jyrki 152 <p><img src="images/supergrubdisk-09.png"><br>
320 sng 28 I select "<font color="Red"><b>Restore GRUB in Hard Disk (MBR)</b></font>" and press ENTER...</p>
321     <!--empty line-->
322 jyrki 152 <p><img src="images/supergrubdisk-10.png"><br>
323 sng 28 ...and ENTER.</p>
324     <!--empty line-->
325     <H3><a name="grub-5"></a>Screen "Restore GRUB in Hard Disk (MBR) (Help)" [<a href="#sgd-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</H3>
326    
327 jyrki 152 <p><img src="images/supergrubdisk-11.png"><br>
328 sng 28 I select "<font color="Red"><b>Manual Restore GRUB in Hard Disk (MBR)</b></font>" and press ENTER. If you want to install GRUB to the Master Boot Record of the first hard drive, "<font color="Red"><b>Automatically Install</b></font>" is a better choice. If you don't know if you want GRUB to the first or some other disk, you most likely want it to the first disk.</p>
329     <!--empty line-->
330     <H3><a name="grub-6"></a>Screen "Manual Restore GRUB in Hard Disk (MBR) (Help)" [<a href="#sgd-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</H3>
331    
332 jyrki 152 <p><img src="images/supergrubdisk-12.png"><br>
333 sng 28 I confirm my decision by selecting "<font color="Red"><b>Manual Restore GRUB in Hard Disk (MBR)</b></font>" again and pressing ENTER.</p>
334     <!--empty line-->
335     <H3><a name="grub-7"></a>Screen "Partition of GRUB" [<a href="#sgd-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</H3>
336    
337 jyrki 152 <p><img src="images/supergrubdisk-13.png"><br>
338 sng 28 In this screen I can select the disk that contains the partition that contains the files needed by GRUB. In this case, that disk is the external hard drive. As you can see, the disk is only three megabytes in size - because the computer used for screenshots is still virtual. Actually, the "disk" where I'm installing GRUB is just a file.</p>
339     <!--empty line-->
340     <H3><a name="grub-8"></a>Next Screen [<a href="#sgd-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</H3>
341    
342 jyrki 152 <p><img src="images/supergrubdisk-14.png"><br>
343 sng 28 This is where I choose the partition where GRUB files reside. This disk contains only one partition.</p>
344     <!--empty line-->
345     <H3><a name="grub-9"></a>Screen "Restore to MBR of Hard Disk" [<a href="#sgd-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</H3>
346    
347 jyrki 152 <p><img src="images/supergrubdisk-15.png"><br>
348 sng 28 I select the external hard drive to install GRUB to its Master Boot Record.</p>
349     <!--empty line-->
350 jyrki 152 <p><img src="images/supergrubdisk-12.png"><br>
351 sng 28 Some text scrolled in the screen (too fast to read or take a screenshot) and I was back at this screen. I rebooted the computer. (In this situation, you can safely do a "hard reboot" by pressing reset button once or power button twice.)</p>
352     <!--empty line-->
353 jyrki 152 <p><img src="images/grub-loading.png"><br>
354 sng 28 GRUB booted successfully.</p>
355    
356    
357     </div>
358 jyrki 152
359    
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362     <p>Copyright: &#169; <a href="mailto:&#115;&#110;&#103;&#064;&#104;&#101;&#108;&#108;&#117;&#103;&#046;&#103;&#114;?subject=About Clonezilla-SysRescCD v 3.1.0">Spiros Georgaras</a>, 2007-2010<br /><br/>
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