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revision 180 by sng, Sat Dec 11 09:41:39 2010 UTC revision 181 by sng, Wed Jun 22 16:47:21 2011 UTC
# Line 126  dd if=~/clonezilla-sysresccd-full-mod-"m Line 126  dd if=~/clonezilla-sysresccd-full-mod-"m
126  <p>And that's it. Your usb device is ready to boot!!!</p>  <p>And that's it. Your usb device is ready to boot!!!</p>
127    
128    
 <H3><a name="usb-free-space"></a>Using the extra space <span class="hideprint">[<a href="#usb-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</span></H3>  
   
 <p>  
 If your usb device is more than 400MB in size, the above command will leave the remaining space unused. To verify it, execute the command:  
 </p>  
 <p class="newcode" style="margin-left: 0;">fdisk -l /dev/<font color="Green">sdc</font></p>  
   
 <p style="margin-left: 0;">You should get something similar to this:</p>  
 <!--emty-line-->  
   
 <p class="newcode">  
 Disk /dev/sdc: 1048 MB, 1048576000 bytes<br>  
 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 1000 cylinders, total 2048000 sectors<br>  
 Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes<br>  
 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>  
 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>  
 Disk identifier: 0x77a5188f<br>  
 <br>  
 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Device&nbsp;Boot&nbsp;&nbsp;Start&nbsp;&nbsp;End&nbsp;&nbsp;Blocks&nbsp;&nbsp;Id&nbsp;&nbsp;System  
 /dev/sdc1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;384&nbsp;&nbsp;393216&nbsp;&nbsp;17&nbsp;&nbsp;Hidden&nbsp;HPFS/NTFS  
 </p>  
 <p>  
 As you can see, we are currently using 348 out of 1000 cylinders of the disk. The remaining disk space (~600MB) can still be used, executing the following commands<!--not-on-txt--> (user input is displayed in <font color="magenta">magenta</font>, comments are in <font color="#990000">brown</font>)<!--end-not-on-txt-->:  
 </p>  
   
 <p class="newcode">  
 fdisk /dev/<font color="green">sdc</font><br>  
 command (m for help): <font color="magenta">n</font> <font color="#990000">(create new partition)</font><br>  
 command action<br>  
    e   extended<br>  
    p   primary partition (1-4)<br>  
 <font color="magenta">p</font><br>  
 partition number (1-4): <font color="magenta">4</font> <font color="#990000">(create partition sdc4)</font><br>  
 first cylinder (385-1000, default 385): <br>  
 using default value 385<br>  
 last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{k,m,g} (385-1000, default 1000): <br>  
 using default value 1000<br>  
 <br>  
 command (m for help): <font color="magenta">p</font> <font color="#990000">(display partition table)</font><br>  
 <br>  
 disk /dev/sdc: 1048 mb, 1048576000 bytes<br>  
 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 1000 cylinders<br>  
 units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes<br>  
 sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>  
 i/o size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>  
 disk identifier: 0x77a5188f<br>  
 <br>  
 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;device&nbsp;boot&nbsp;&nbsp;start&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;end&nbsp;&nbsp;blocks&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;id&nbsp;&nbsp;system<br>  
 /dev/sdc1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;384&nbsp;&nbsp;393216&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;17&nbsp;&nbsp;hidden&nbsp;hpfs/ntfs<br>  
 /dev/sdc4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;385&nbsp;&nbsp;1000&nbsp;&nbsp;630784&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;83&nbsp;&nbsp;linux<br>  
 <br>  
 <br>  
 command (m for help): <font color="magenta">t</font> <font color="#990000">(change partition type)</font><br>  
 partition number (1-4): <font color="magenta">4</font><br>  
 hex code (type l to list codes): <font color="magenta">b</font><br>  
 changed system type of partition 4 to b (w95 fat32)<br>  
 <br>  
 command (m for help): <font color="magenta">p</font> <font color="#990000">(display partition table)</font><br>  
 <br>  
 disk /dev/sdc: 1048 mb, 1048576000 bytes<br>  
 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 1000 cylinders<br>  
 units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes<br>  
 sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>  
 i/o size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>  
 disk identifier: 0x77a5188f<br>  
 <br>  
 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;device&nbsp;boot&nbsp;&nbsp;start&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;end&nbsp;&nbsp;blocks&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;id&nbsp;&nbsp;system<br>  
 /dev/sdc1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;384&nbsp;&nbsp;393216&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;17&nbsp;&nbsp;hidden&nbsp;hpfs/ntfs<br>  
 /dev/sdc4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;385&nbsp;&nbsp;1000&nbsp;&nbsp;630784&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b&nbsp;&nbsp;w95&nbsp;fat32<br>  
 <br>  
 command (m for help): <font color="magenta">w</font> <font color="#990000">(write partition table to disk and exit)</font><br>  
 The partition table has been altered!<br>  
 <br>  
 Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.<br>  
 <br>  
 WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.<br>  
 The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at<br>  
 the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)<br>  
 Syncing disks.  
 </p>  
 <!--emty-line-->  
 <p>  
 At this point you should disconnect and reconnect your usb device. When it's recognised, you can format the partition you've just created  
  </p>  
 <!--emty-line-->  
 <p class="newcode">  
 mkdosfs -F 32 /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font>  
 </p>  
 <!--emty-line-->  
 <p>  
 The partition is now ready for use!!!  
 </p>  
 <!--emty-line-->  
129  <H2><a name="usb-hard"></a>Installing the "hard" way <span class="hideprint">[<a href="#usb-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</span></H2>  <H2><a name="usb-hard"></a>Installing the "hard" way <span class="hideprint">[<a href="#usb-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</span></H2>
130  <!--emty-line-->  <!--emty-line-->
131  <p>If the "easy" way does not work there is an alternative; you will use the <b>Clonezilla-SysRescCD</b> ISO file (or CD) to copy and modify a couple of files on the USB disk, and finally make it bootable, using <a href="http://syslinux.zytor.com" target="_blank">syslinux</a> and its configuration file <b>syslinux.cfg</b>.</p>  <p>If the "easy" way does not work there is an alternative; you will use the <b>Clonezilla-SysRescCD</b> ISO file (or CD) to copy and modify a couple of files on the USB disk, and finally make it bootable, using <a href="http://syslinux.zytor.com" target="_blank">syslinux</a> and its configuration file <b>syslinux.cfg</b>.</p>
# Line 253  mount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</fon Line 160  mount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</fon
160  cp -r /mnt/mycd/* /mnt/usbdevice<br>  cp -r /mnt/mycd/* /mnt/usbdevice<br>
161  umount /mnt/mycd; rmdir /mnt/mycd<br>  umount /mnt/mycd; rmdir /mnt/mycd<br>
162  cd /mnt/usbdevice<br>  cd /mnt/usbdevice<br>
163  rm isolinux/*.cfg<br>  cp syslinux/*.cfg isolinux<br>
164  mv isolinux/* .<br>  cp syslinux/*.png isolinux<br>
165  rmdir isolinux<br>  rm -rf syslinux<br>
166  cd; umount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font><br>  mv isolinux syslinux</p>
167    <!--emty-line-->
168    <div align="center"><table class="note" border="0" cellpadding="20"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="images/important.png"></td><td>
169    Since you are using any linux box to complete this procedure,<br>you have to use the syslinux installation provided by this linux box.<br><br>Otherwise, you will probably end up with an unbootable device...</td></tr></table></div>
170    
171    <p>First thing you have to do is find where syslinux is installed. The best way to do that is look for a file named <b>vesamenu.c32</b>. You can use locate, find, or any other distribution specific tool for that. In Debian (and its derivatives like Ubuntu, LMDE etc.) this file is under <font color="Green"><b>/usr/lib/syslinux</b></font>, so I'll just use that for the following code.</p>
172    
173    <p class="newcode">cd syslinux<br>
174    for f in *.c32<br>
175    do<br>
176    cp -v <font color="Green"><b>/usr/lib/syslinux</b></font>/$f .<br>
177    cd ..<br>
178    done</p>
179    
180    <p>In either case, unmount the device and delete the mount point (directory).</p>
181    
182    <p class="newcode">cd; umount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font><br>
183  rmdir /mnt/usbdevice</p>  rmdir /mnt/usbdevice</p>
184  <!--emty-line-->  <!--emty-line-->
185  <p>Finally make your USB device bootable, by executing</p>  <p>Finally make your USB device bootable, by executing</p>
# Line 273  Boot <b>SystemRescueCD </b> using the op Line 196  Boot <b>SystemRescueCD </b> using the op
196  mount /dev/<font color="Green">sr0</font> /mnt/mycd <br>  mount /dev/<font color="Green">sr0</font> /mnt/mycd <br>
197  mkdir /mnt/usbdevice<br>  mkdir /mnt/usbdevice<br>
198  mount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font> /mnt/usbdevice<br>  mount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font> /mnt/usbdevice<br>
199  cp -r /mnt/mycd/* /mnt/usbdevice<br>  cp -rv /mnt/mycd/* /mnt/usbdevice<br>
200  umount /mnt/mycd<br>  umount /mnt/mycd<br>
201  cd /mnt/usbdevice<br>  cd /mnt/usbdevice<br>
202  rm isolinux/*.cfg<br>  cp syslinux/*.cfg isolinux<br>
203  mv isolinux/* .<br>  cp syslinux/*.png isolinux<br>
204  rmdir isolinux<br>  rm -rf syslinux<br>
205    mv isolinux syslinux<br>
206  cd; umount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font></p>  cd; umount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font></p>
207  <!--emty-line-->  <!--emty-line-->
208  <p>Finally make your USB device bootable, by executing</p>  <p>Finally make your USB device bootable, by executing</p>
# Line 297  You will have to</p> Line 221  You will have to</p>
221    
222  <ul>  <ul>
223  <li>Copy all files from drive <b><font color="Green">D:</font></b> (CD or mounted ISO file) to drive <b><font color="Green">K:</font></b> (USB disk)</li>  <li>Copy all files from drive <b><font color="Green">D:</font></b> (CD or mounted ISO file) to drive <b><font color="Green">K:</font></b> (USB disk)</li>
224  <li>Delete <b><u>all</u> cfg</b> files from <b><font color="Green">K:</font>isolinux</b></li>  <li>Copy <b><u>all</u> cfg</b> files from <b><font color="Green">K:\</font>syslinux</b> to <b><font color="Green">K:\</font>isolinux</b></li>
225  <li>Move all files from <b><font color="Green">K:</font>isolinux</b> to <b><font color="Green">K:</font></b></li>  <li>Copy <b><u>all</u> png</b> files from <b><font color="Green">K:\</font>syslinux</b> to <b><font color="Green">K:\</font>isolinux</b></li>
226  <li>Delete folder <b><font color="Green">K:</font>isolinux</b> </li>  <li>Delete the folder <b><font color="Green">K:\</font>syslinux</b></li>
227    <li>Rename <b><font color="Green">K:\</font>isolinux</b> to <b><font color="Green">K:\</font>syslinux</b></li>
228  </ul>  </ul>
229  <p>Now all you have to do is make your USB disk bootable. In order to do that you have to open a DOS window (in Windows XP press "<b>Start / Run </b>" and type <b>cmd</b>). Then type at DOS prompt:</p>  <p>Now all you have to do is make your USB disk bootable. In order to do that you have to open a DOS window (in Windows XP press "<b>Start / Run </b>" and type <b>cmd</b>). Then type at DOS prompt:</p>
230  <p class="newcode"><font color="Green">K:</font><br>  <p class="newcode"><font color="Green">K:</font><br>
# Line 336  If you are on linux, check that the part Line 261  If you are on linux, check that the part
261  <!--emty-line-->  <!--emty-line-->
262    
263  <p class="newcode">  <p class="newcode">
264  Disk /dev/<font color="Green">sdc</font>: 1031 MB, 1031798272 bytes<br>  Disk <font color="Green">/dev/sdc</font>: 4043 MB, 4043309056 bytes<br>
265  64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 983 cylinders<br>  125 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1018 cylinders, total 7897088 sectors<br>
266  Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes<br>  Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes<br>
267    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>
268    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>
269    Disk identifier: 0x596bbd85<br>
270  <br>  <br>
271  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Device&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="Red">Boot</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;Start&nbsp;&nbsp;End&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Blocks&nbsp;&nbsp;Id&nbsp;&nbsp;System<br>  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Device&nbsp;<font color="Red">Boot</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Start&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;End&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Blocks&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Id&nbsp;&nbsp;System<br>
272  /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="Red">*</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;983&nbsp;&nbsp;1006576&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6&nbsp;&nbsp;FAT16<br>  /dev/sdc1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="Red">*</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;63&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1461914&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;730926&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b&nbsp;&nbsp;W95&nbsp;FAT32
273  </p>  </p>
274  <!--emty-line-->  <!--emty-line-->
275  <p style="margin-left: 0;"><br>If the partition is not active (no astrisk), execute:</p>  <p style="margin-left: 0;"><br>If the partition is not active (<b>no asterisk</b>), execute:</p>
276  <p class="newcode" style="margin-left: 0;">fdisk /dev/<font color="Green">sdc</font></p>  <p class="newcode" style="margin-left: 0;">fdisk /dev/<font color="Green">sdc</font></p>
277  <p style="margin-left: 0;">and issue "Command: " <b>a</b> (toggle a bootable flag) and "Partition number:" <b><font color="Green">4</font></b> (for <b>/dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font></b>).<br><br>  <p style="margin-left: 0;">and issue "Command: " <b>a</b> (toggle a bootable flag) and "Partition number:" <b><font color="Green">4</font></b> (for <b>/dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font></b>).<br><br>
278  <!--emty-line-->  <!--emty-line-->
# Line 404  If you have to specify any additional bo Line 332  If you have to specify any additional bo
332  <!--emty-line-->  <!--emty-line-->
333  The procedure to do that is the following:<br><br>  The procedure to do that is the following:<br><br>
334  <!--emty-line-->  <!--emty-line-->
335  Boot <b>SystemRescueCD</b>  (or if that's not possible yet, bot <b>Clonezilla Linux</b> and get to the command line) using the option <b>To RAM</b>, and when it is fully loaded, execute the following commands:</p>  Boot <b>SystemRescueCD</b>  (or if that's not possible yet, boot <b>Clonezilla Live</b> and get to the command line) using the option <b>To RAM</b>, and when it is fully loaded, execute the following commands:</p>
336  <p class="newcode">mkdir /mnt/usbdevice<br>  <p class="newcode">mkdir /mnt/usbdevice<br>
337  mount /dev/<font color="Green">[device]</font> /mnt/usbdevice <br>  mount /dev/<font color="Green">[device]</font> /mnt/usbdevice <br>
338  cd  /mnt/usbdevice<br>  cd  /mnt/usbdevice<br>
339  cp sysresc.cfg sysresc.bak<br>  cp sysresc.cfg sysresc.bak<br>
340  sed 's|<font color="Red">scandelay=5</font>|<font color="Red">scandelay=<font color="Green">x</font> [additional params]</font>|'  <br>  sed 's|<font color="Red">scandelay=5</font>|<font color="Red">scandelay=<font color="Green">x</font> [additional params]</font>|'  \<br>
341   sysresc.cfg &gt; sys.cfg<br>   sysresc.cfg &gt; sys.cfg<br>
342  mv sys.cfg sysresc.cfg<br>  mv sys.cfg sysresc.cfg<br>
343  cd; umount /dev/<font color="Green">[device]</font><br>  cd; umount /dev/<font color="Green">[device]</font><br>
# Line 422  reboot</p> Line 350  reboot</p>
350  <!--emty-line-->  <!--emty-line-->
351  If, for example, you want to increase the device scan delay to maximum, the above commands would become:</p>  If, for example, you want to increase the device scan delay to maximum, the above commands would become:</p>
352  <p class="newcode">mkdir /mnt/usbdevice<br>  <p class="newcode">mkdir /mnt/usbdevice<br>
353  mount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font> /mnt/usbdevice <br>  mount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc1</font> /mnt/usbdevice <br>
354  cd  /mnt/usbdevice<br>  cd  /mnt/usbdevice<br>
355  cp sysresc.cfg sysresc.bak<br>  cp sysresc.cfg sysresc.bak<br>
356  sed 's|<font color="Red">scandelay=5</font>|<font color="Red">scandelay=<font color="Green">10</font></font>|' sysresc.cfg &gt; sys.cfg<br>  sed 's|<font color="Red">scandelay=5</font>|<font color="Red">scandelay=<font color="Green">10</font></font>|' sysresc.cfg &gt; sys.cfg<br>
357  mv sys.cfg sysresc.cfg<br>  mv sys.cfg sysresc.cfg<br>
358  cd; umount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font><br>  cd; umount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc1</font><br>
359  syslinux /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font><br>  syslinux /dev/<font color="Green">sdc1</font><br>
360  reboot</p>  reboot</p>
361  <!--emty-line-->  <!--emty-line-->
362  <p>If, in addition to that, you had to use the boot parameter <b><font color="Red">usbstick</font></b>, then it would be:</p>  <p>If, in addition to that, you had to use the boot parameter <b><font color="Red">usbstick</font></b>, then it would be:</p>
363  <p class="newcode">mkdir /mnt/usbdevice<br>  <p class="newcode">mkdir /mnt/usbdevice<br>
364  mount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font> /mnt/usbdevice <br>  mount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc1</font> /mnt/usbdevice <br>
365  cd  /mnt/usbdevice<br>  cd  /mnt/usbdevice<br>
366  cp sysresc.cfg sysresc.bak<br>  cp sysresc.cfg sysresc.bak<br>
367  sed 's|<font color="Red">scandelay=5</font>|<font color="Red">scandelay=<font color="Green">10</font> usbstick</font>|' sysresc.cfg &gt; sys.cfg<br>  sed 's|<font color="Red">scandelay=5</font>|<font color="Red">scandelay=<font color="Green">10</font> usbstick</font>|' sysresc.cfg &gt; sys.cfg<br>
368  mv sys.cfg sysresc.cfg<br>  mv sys.cfg sysresc.cfg<br>
369  cd; umount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font><br>  cd; umount /dev/<font color="Green">sdc1</font><br>
370  syslinux /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font><br>  syslinux /dev/<font color="Green">sdc1</font><br>
371  reboot</p>  reboot</p>
372  <!--emty-line-->  <!--emty-line-->
373  <p>In case something goes wrong with your new settings, you can always rename <b>sysresc.bak</b> to <b>sysresc.cfg</b>, either from linux or Windows.</p>  <p>In case something goes wrong with your new settings, you can always rename <b>sysresc.bak</b> to <b>sysresc.cfg</b>, either from linux or Windows.</p>
374    
375    
376    <H2><a name="usb-free-space"></a>Using the extra space <span class="hideprint">[<a href="#usb-top" title="go to top of the page">^</a>]</span></H2>
377    
378    <p>
379    If your usb device is more than 450MB in size, the above procedure will leave the remaining space unused. To verify it, execute the command:
380    </p>
381    <p class="newcode" style="margin-left: 0;">fdisk -l /dev/<font color="Green">sdc</font></p>
382    
383    <p style="margin-left: 0;">You should get something similar to this:</p>
384    <!--emty-line-->
385    
386    <p class="newcode">
387    Disk /dev/sdc: 4043 MB, 4043309056 bytes<br>
388    125 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1018 cylinders, total 7897088 sectors<br>
389    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes<br>
390    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>
391    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>
392    Disk identifier: 0x596bbd85<br>
393    <br>
394    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Device&nbsp;Boot&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Start&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;End&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Blocks&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Id&nbsp;&nbsp;System<br>
395    /dev/sdc1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;63&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1461914&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;730926&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b&nbsp;&nbsp;W95&nbsp;FAT32
396    
397    </p>
398    <p>
399    As you can see, we are currently using 1461914 out of 7897088 sectors of the disk. The remaining disk space (~3GB) can still be used, to save backups, for example, executing the following commands<!--not-on-txt--> (user input is displayed in <font color="magenta">magenta</font>, comments are in <font color="#990000">brown</font>)<!--end-not-on-txt-->:
400    </p>
401    
402    <p class="newcode">
403    # fdisk /dev/<font color="green">sdc</font><br>
404    command (m for help): <font color="magenta">n</font> <font color="#990000">(create new partition)</font><br>
405    command action<br>
406       e   extended<br>
407       p   primary partition (1-4)<br>
408    <font color="magenta">p</font><br>
409    partition number (1-4): <font color="magenta">4</font> <font color="#990000">(create partition sdc4)</font><br>
410    First sector (1461915-7897087, default 1461915): <br>
411    using default value 1461915<br>
412    Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1461915-7897087, default 7897087): <br>
413    using default value 7897087<br>
414    <br>
415    command (m for help): <font color="magenta">p</font> <font color="#990000">(display partition table)</font><br>
416    <br>
417    Disk /dev/sdd: 4043 MB, 4043309056 bytes<br>
418    125 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1018 cylinders, total 7897088 sectors<br>
419    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes<br>
420    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>
421    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>
422    Disk identifier: 0x596bbd85<br>
423    <br>
424    /dev/sdc1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;63&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1461914&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;730926&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b&nbsp;&nbsp;W95&nbsp;FAT32
425    /dev/sdc4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1461915&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7897087&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3217586+&nbsp;&nbsp;83&nbsp;&nbsp;Linux
426    <br>
427    <br>
428    command (m for help): <font color="magenta">t</font> <font color="#990000">(change partition type)</font><br>
429    partition number (1-4): <font color="magenta">4</font><br>
430    hex code (type l to list codes): <font color="magenta">b</font><br>
431    changed system type of partition 4 to b (W95 FAT32)<br>
432    <br>
433    command (m for help): <font color="magenta">p</font> <font color="#990000">(display partition table)</font><br>
434    <br>
435    Disk /dev/sdd: 4043 MB, 4043309056 bytes<br>
436    125 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1018 cylinders, total 7897088 sectors<br>
437    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes<br>
438    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>
439    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes<br>
440    Disk identifier: 0x596bbd85<br>
441    <br>
442    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;device&nbsp;boot&nbsp;&nbsp;start&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;end&nbsp;&nbsp;blocks&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;id&nbsp;&nbsp;system<br>
443    /dev/sdc1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;63&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1461914&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;730926&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b&nbsp;&nbsp;W95&nbsp;FAT32
444    /dev/sdc4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1461915&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7897087&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3217586+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b&nbsp;&nbsp;W95&nbsp;FAT32<br>
445    <br>
446    command (m for help): <font color="magenta">w</font> <font color="#990000">(write partition table to disk and exit)</font><br>
447    The partition table has been altered!<br>
448    <br>
449    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.<br>
450    <br>
451    WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.<br>
452    The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at<br>
453    the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)<br>
454    Syncing disks.
455    </p>
456    <!--emty-line-->
457    <p>
458    At this point you should disconnect and reconnect your usb device. When it's recognised, you can format the partition you've just created
459     </p>
460    <!--emty-line-->
461    <p class="newcode">
462    mkdosfs -F 32 /dev/<font color="Green">sdc4</font>
463    </p>
464    <!--emty-line-->
465    <p>
466    The partition is now ready for use!!!
467    </p>
468  </div>  </div>
469    
470    

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